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Evaluation of the Effect of Welding Process on the Performance of an Inorganic Industrial Coating for Soil-side Application of Above Ground Storage Tank Bottoms

Product Number: 51323-19186-SG

Author: Benjamin Chaloner-Gill, Amal Al-Borno, Martin Quintero, Moavin Islam, Brock Genter, Yuan Li

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Protection of aboveground water storage tank bottom plates against soil side corrosion is an important concern for the oil and gas industry, particularly when considering long-term continuous operation requirements for these assets. Corrosion of the tank bottom plates is mainly due to the formation of galvanic corrosion cells on the soil side. This galvanic corrosion cell formation is more pronounced if the tank content is stored at elevated temperature and/or located in aggressive soil.

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Evaluation Of The Impact Of Iron Oxide Deposit On The Eddy Current (ECT) Measurements Of Heat Exchanger Nickel Tubes

Product Number: 51322-17859-SG

Author: Muazu Mohammed, Aamir Saddiq

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Equipment monitoring and assessment regimes are largely driven by integrity, reliability and economic motivation. The data from corrosion measurement tools allows for the evaluation and determination of inspection intervals as well as the remaining life of equipment and piping. Corrosion monitoring tools are widely used measurement tools, which provides wall thickness loss, cracks and other defects of equipment and piping.

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Evaluation of the relationship between passivity and microstructure in austenitic stainless steel, the Point defect perspective

Product Number: 51323-19434-SG

Author: Raymundo Case, Homero Castaneda, Yuan Ding, Adnan Khan, M. L Cedeno- Vente, Gabriela Pena

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as 3D printing, offers advantages over traditional
production methods, such as quick prototyping, short production runs and intricate, thin section,
microfluidic, variable composition, and low-waste designs. These exciting features are accompanied by
new challenges, such as higher costs, the possibility of variable quality, and inherently anisotropic
properties.

Existing AM technologies include 3D printing, rapid prototyping (RP), direct digital manufacturing (DDM),
selective laser melting (SLM), and direct metal laser Sintering (DMLS).

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Evaluation of Thermally Diffused Zinc Coatings for Anti-galling Treatment for Rotary Shouldered Connections

Product Number: 51323-19361-SG

Author: Reece Goldsberry, Tony Collins, Krutibas Panda, Zvi Ben Zvi

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Rotary shouldered connections are commonly used in the oil and gas industry as the preferred connection method between drill string elements. A wide variety of materials are used in the drillstring make up, each with different properties and galling behavior. Non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel (AuSS) alloys are frequently used in measurement/logging-while-drilling (M/LWD) tools. CrMnN AuSS were commonly used to produce M/LWD tools and have decent galling resistance but are prone to failure due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) during operation.

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Evaluation Of Titanium 475 Alloy For Use In Oil And Gas Environments

Product Number: 51322-17840-SG

Author: William. D. MacDonald, Mikel Hogan, Dennis Dunlap

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

ASTM Grade 29 titanium alloy (UNS R56404) has been traditionally used for oil and gas stress joints (TSJ). However, given the general difficulty of processing this type of alloy in the beta quenched condition and more recently the exorbitant increase in alloying costs due to the ruthenium, a new solution is required if titanium is to be considered for future applications. This 475 alloy was developed to meet geothermal requirements to replace Grade 29 seamless casing. The essential material properties of Grade 29 in bulk and welded condition as used for titanium stress joints were reported by Shutz et al.

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Evaluation of Transmission Line Sag for Magnetically Induced Voltage on Pipelines in Shared Corridors

Product Number: 51323-19508-SG

Author: David Lewis PE

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

AC interference studies are complex and require complex analysis methods to accurately evaluate these
projects. Sag is a variable that affects each of these projects to varying degrees, but many tools are
challenged to consider the catenary curve of the phase conductors. Sharing common engineering
methodologies for approximating the sag and comparing these to more accurate catenary curves guide
engineers where simplification of the sag may result in significant analysis errors, and scenarios where
simplification may be acceptable.

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Evaluation of Underdeposit Corrosion Beneath Sludge Solids

Product Number: 51324-20908-SG

Author: Joshua T. Boerstler; Pavan K. Shukla; Bruce J. Wiersma; Roderick E. Fuentes

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The presence of sludge-like deposits and interstitial liquid may create susceptibility to underdeposit corrosion in high-level waste tanks. As the sludge deposits form occluded regions or crevices with the tank bottom, the chemistry of interstitial liquid could become sufficiently aggressive to promote accelerated localized corrosion around or beneath the sludge deposits. This work seeks to evaluate the conditions necessary for underdeposit corrosion to occur and the nature of attack utilizing short term electrochemical techniques. Carbon steel coupons were exposed to a matrix of varying sludge conditions including wet sludge, compressed wet sludge, and dried, adherent sludge deposits to determine the conditions under which susceptibility to underdeposit corrosion exists. During the exposure, a number of electrochemical techniques were utilized to evaluate the susceptibility to underdeposit corrosion, including open circuit potential monitoring, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization. In addition, coupons were evaluated post exposure using laser confocal microscopy to evaluate the extent and nature of underdeposit attack.

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Evaluation of UNS N08935 as CRA Material for Explosion Clad Plate

Product Number: 51324-21018-SG

Author: Björn Helmersson; Curtis Prothe; Jan Y. Jonsson; Matt Shufran; Tim Delahanty

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The austenitic alloy UNS N08935 has been developed to offer high resistance to corrosion in various environments – especially those containing high levels of chlorides or acid components. It can be an interesting alternative to conventional Ni-based alloys, due to its relatively low Ni-content at 35% by weight. In applications where thick gauges are required, it may be beneficial to utilize clad material – i.e., a thin layer of corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) bonded to a thicker gauge of a less costly backing material (typically carbon steel). In this work, explosion clad plate with a UNS N08935 CRA layer has been produced and evaluated to characterize the effect of the bonding process and heat treatment on the material properties. Prior to explosion bonding, two UNS N08935 plates were welded together (GTAW, groove weld, ENICRMO-13 filler metal) to simulate pre-cladding processing. The resulting welded plate was explosion bonded to SA516-70N carbon steel, and the effectiveness of the bonding process was confirmed via automated ultrasonic inspection of 100% of the clad surface. Mechanical testing at various locations was performed in order to characterize the strength of the UNS N08935 / carbon steel bond. Material properties of the CRA layer, in both the welded and unwelded condition and before and after heat treatments simulating subsequent processing steps for the bonded plate, have been evaluated in terms of microstructure and corrosion resistance.

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Evaluation On Applicability Of Nickel-Base Alloy Weld Materials With High Chromium Content In BWR Environment

Product Number: ED22-17130-SG

Author: Takahiro Hayashi, Yoshinori Katayama, Daiki Tanaka, Yumiko Tsuchiya, and Hidenori Takahashi

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Ni-base alloy weld material has been widely used for primary reactor components of BWR. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in Ni-base alloy welds is of an increased importance and an ongoing subject in the industry to secure material reliability of the components especially for long-term operation of light water reactors. Although alloy 82 has shown excellent service performance in BWR applications, it is known that alloy 82 exhibit SCC susceptibility in laboratory tests under simulated BWR environment with a combination of particular, severe test conditions such as high level of material cold work and highly accelerated environment. In addition, few experiences with SCCs in the welds associated with alloy 82 have been recently reported in the operating BWR plants.

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Evolution of Microstructures, Mechanical Properties, and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Alloy 718 Manufactured by LPBF and WAAM

Product Number: 51324-20706-SG

Author: Bing Han; Manuel Marya; Srinand Karuppoor

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is becoming a popular additive manufacturing (AM) process for oilfield components of Alloy 718. Despite attracting features, AM 718 is often uneconomical, greatly limited in size, while the build properties differ from wrought counterparts. Among AM processes, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers a cost appeal and an improved scalability for Alloy 718. In this investigation, Alloy 718 coupons built by both LPBF and WAAM are compared for their microstructures, mechanical properties, and sulfide-stress cracking (SSC) resistance. To approach the properties of the wrought alloys, post-processes such as stress relief, hot-isostatic pressing, solution annealing and age hardening are revisited by jointly analyzing microstructures and mechanical properties. Further, slow-strain rate tests were completed to assess the SSC susceptibility of WAAM 718 relative to LPBF 718. This investigation demonstrates that LPBF 718 is capable of properties in line with its wrought counterpart, whereas much more work is needed for WAAM 718 to reach satisfactory quality and consistency.

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Evolving Excavation Damage Modelling Predictions to a Data-Driven Approach

Product Number: 51323-19558-SG

Author: Armando Borjas Leal, Stephen F. Biagiotti Jr.,

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Excavation damage is a recognized threat to pipeline integrity when external human activity contacts the pipe body creating a change in shape (i.e., dent, ovality) or wall thickness (i.e., gouge). Industry standards provide similar, but slightly different variations on this definition:

• ASME2 B31.8S (1) Section A-8: “Third party damage is defined in this context as third-party inflicted damage with immediate failure, vandalism, and previously damage pipe.”

• API3 RP 1160 (2) Annex A.9: “This threat arises from excavation, drilling, boring, farming, or other soil moving or removal activities where the mechanical equipment being used comes in contact with a buried pipeline causing it to leak or rupture.”

• CSA4 Z662:19 (3) Annex H: “Third party: Inadvertent external interference by a person or group of people other than the operating company and its employees and contractors.”

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Examination Of A Ferritic Martensitic Steel Following Irradiation And High Temperature Water Corrosion

Product Number: 51322-18127-SG

Author: Ronald N. Clark, Tomas Martin, Dong Liu, Kun Mo, Jean-Charles Eloi, Robert Burrows, Sean Davis, David Kumar, Chris Harrington, Chris Jones

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Nuclear energy currently contributes approximately 10 % of the worldwide energy mix.¹ Nuclear energy generation is a form of low-carbon electricity, typically run as base-load, which alongside renewables can help nations toward climate change goals. Nuclear fission thermal reactors make up the majority of the reactors operating today. Nuclear fusion on the other hand is a promising alternative which produces less radioactive waste and does not have a reliance on the finite source of uranium fuel. Eurofer-97, a reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steel, will be used as a structural material for fusion reactors. The earliest literature reference to RAFM steels originated from 1994 by Abe et al.² One option for the European demonstration fusion reactor (DEMO) is to use a water-cooled lead-lithium (PbLi) breeder blanket (WCLL BB) design for heat extraction. Breeder blankets will be used to generate a source of tritium, for the fusion reaction with deuterium.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance