Server maintenance is scheduled for Saturday, December 21st between 6am-10am CST.

During that time, parts of our website will be affected until maintenance is completed. Thank you for your patience.

Menu
Search
Filters
Close
Menu

Use GIVING24 at checkout to save 20% on eCourses and books (some exclusions apply)!

Laboratory Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of A Phosphonate-type Scale Inhibitor

Picture for Laboratory Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of A Phosphonate-type Scale Inhibitor
Available for download

Scaling is an important factor affecting oilfield production. The main reasons for scale formation are usually either the mixing of incompatible waters in production flow systems, for example, a formation of brine and seawater injected for maintaining downhole pressure, or changing the
reservoir conditions such as temperature, pressure, and brine pH, among others1,2. Carbonate scaling is dependent upon the equilibrium between bicarbonate, carbonate, and carbon dioxide relative to changes in the temperature and pressure3,4. Scale can deposit on almost any surface,
so that, once a scale layer is formed, it will continue to become thicker unless treated. Scale can block pore throats in the near-well bore region or in the well itself, causing formation damage and loss of well productivity.

Product Number: 51323-18784-SG
Author: Shaohua Chen, Tianping Huang, Tao Chen
Publication Date: 2023
$0.00
$20.00
$20.00

A phosphonate-type scale inhibitor (SI) named diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid (DETPMP) was synthesized in laboratory from two raw chemical materials – phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and phosphorous tri-chloride (PCl3). PCl3 was used to mimic the industrial
synthesis of DETPMP, while H3PO3 was used to avoid the yield of by-product hydrochloride (HCl) acidic fog. The efficiency of scale inhibition against CaCO3 and CaSO4 by the synthesized samples and a commercial sample (CP-DETPMP) were evaluated in two types of brines, respectively, and the performance of three samples were compared. For PCl3-invovled
synthesis, excess formaldehyde in aqueous solution should be introduced to compensate the volatilization of formaldehyde via exothermic hydrolysis of PCl3. 1H NMR spectra of the synthesized samples exhibited similar chemical shifts of the protons, while 31P NMR spectra indicated that the product synthesized from H3PO3 (PA-DETPMP) contains less phosphorous
impurities than that prepared from PCl3 (PC-DETPMP), probably due to the incomplete hydrolysis of PCl3. A better performance of scale inhibition against CaCO3 and CaSO4 was observed with an increase in SI concentration for PC-DETPMP and CP-DETPMP, while the performance of PA-DETPMP against both type of scales was not good at tested concentrations, At high SI concentration, massive Ca3(PO4)2 precipitates were observed and they gradually became soluble at low temperature. The overall sequence for the performance of scale inhibition is PC-DETPMP > CP-DETPMP > PA-DETPMP.

A phosphonate-type scale inhibitor (SI) named diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid (DETPMP) was synthesized in laboratory from two raw chemical materials – phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and phosphorous tri-chloride (PCl3). PCl3 was used to mimic the industrial
synthesis of DETPMP, while H3PO3 was used to avoid the yield of by-product hydrochloride (HCl) acidic fog. The efficiency of scale inhibition against CaCO3 and CaSO4 by the synthesized samples and a commercial sample (CP-DETPMP) were evaluated in two types of brines, respectively, and the performance of three samples were compared. For PCl3-invovled
synthesis, excess formaldehyde in aqueous solution should be introduced to compensate the volatilization of formaldehyde via exothermic hydrolysis of PCl3. 1H NMR spectra of the synthesized samples exhibited similar chemical shifts of the protons, while 31P NMR spectra indicated that the product synthesized from H3PO3 (PA-DETPMP) contains less phosphorous
impurities than that prepared from PCl3 (PC-DETPMP), probably due to the incomplete hydrolysis of PCl3. A better performance of scale inhibition against CaCO3 and CaSO4 was observed with an increase in SI concentration for PC-DETPMP and CP-DETPMP, while the performance of PA-DETPMP against both type of scales was not good at tested concentrations, At high SI concentration, massive Ca3(PO4)2 precipitates were observed and they gradually became soluble at low temperature. The overall sequence for the performance of scale inhibition is PC-DETPMP > CP-DETPMP > PA-DETPMP.

Product tags
Also Purchased
Picture for Laboratory Evaluation of Scale Inhibitors Used in OTSG Boilers for Control of Silica Related Scale
Available for download

Laboratory Evaluation of Scale Inhibitors Used in OTSG Boilers for Control of Silica Related Scale

Product Number: 51323-18761-SG
Author: Dong Shen, Kung-Po Chao, Swamy Margan
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

The production of heavy oil or bitumen depends upon continuous steam injection to fluidize the oil in the formation. Most of the boilers used in steam generation to enhance oil production are gas-powered once-through-steam-generation (OTSG), because OTSG’s can tolerate hard water and are relatively easy to maintain. Since an approximate 80% of feedwater is vaporized in a single pass, silica/silicate scales could form in the OTSG boiler if the silica content in the feedwater is not well controlled.
Picture for Contribution to the Understanding of Hydrogen Stress Cracking Initiation and Propagation in Nickel Based Alloys
Available for download

Contribution to the Understanding of Hydrogen Stress Cracking Initiation and Propagation in Nickel Based Alloys

Product Number: 51323-18873-SG
Author: Bruce Cowe, Flavien Vucko, Hervé Marchebois, Laurent Ponson
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

This paper presents work in follow-up to the previous study. It is focused on UNS1 N07718, UNS N09925, UNS N07725 and UNS N09946. A series of incremental step load tests of compact tensile specimens were conducted to measure the fracture toughness during testing and cracking was monitored by the Electric Crack Growth Monitoring technique. A new engineering technique, referred to as statistical fractography, was used to investigate the fracture surface morphology and extract from it the fracture properties of the alloys.
Picture for Localized Corrosion of High-Grade Stainless Steels in Chlorinated Seawater
Available for download

Localized Corrosion of High-Grade Stainless Steels in Chlorinated Seawater

Product Number: 51323-18911-SG
Author: Nicolas Larché, Charles Leballeur, Sandra Le Manchet, Wenle He
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

In natural seawater, microorganisms can fix, grow and develop on practically any surface, including stainless steels, which may cause industrial issues such as microbial induced corrosion, loss of heat transfer efficiency, or undesired colonization from macro-fouling. In particular, the presence of a biofilm on passive alloys such as stainless steels or nickel-based alloys can strongly enhance the cathodic reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen, and shift the open-circuit potential (OCP) to the noble direction.This results in an increase in OCP, also called cathodic depolarization or biofilm-induced ennoblement, and affects the risk of localized corrosion, since the critical pitting or crevice potential can be exceeded.
Categories
Industry
Recently viewed
Popular tags
View all

Association for Materials Protection and Performance

© AMPP All Rights Reserved.
Membership Terms of Content Use
Contact Customer Support