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Naphthenic acid (NAP) and reactive sulfur (RS) species present in crude oils pose serious corrosion problems in oil refineries, especially with the increase in processing of low-quality, opportunity crudes. This new simultaneous NAP, RS and mass transport corrosion model treats reactions in terms of formation/depletion of a solid barrier layer, and mass transport by turbulent acceleration due to velocity/viscosity effects on fluid boundary layers. This model includes additional reactions previously ignored by other crude models. The model utilizes generally available refinery operating parameters and fluid analyses. The model yields dynamic results by calculating corrosion rates as the surface barrier layer and fluid boundary layers are changing in thickness over time. The model was developed based on open literature, and has been benchmarked against laboratory and refinery case studies. The new model provides more precise corrosion prediction to enable imimproved decisions regarding alloy upgrading, inspection, failure assessments, and crude economics.
Many alloys exposed in high-temperature process equipment corrode by sulfidation corrosion in the presence of H2-H2S gases. This paper discusses the latest results of an extensive testing program for a diverse group of about 15 commercial alloys exposed to temperatures of 300 - 900°C with exposure times up to 6,000 hours.
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This presentation summarizes the development and expansion of a comprehensive information system for corrosion of metals and alloys in high temperature gases. New insights in analysis of thermochemical data for the Fe-Ni-Cr-Co-C-O-S-N system are being compiled. Corrosion mechanisms emphasized are oxidation, sulfidation, sulfidation/oxidation, and carburization.