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Precipitation hardened (PH) nickel alloys have been broadly used in various applications in the oil and gas industry thanks to its high strengths and outstanding corrosion resistance in several aggressive environments. Alloy 718 (UNS1 N07718), Alloy 925 (UNS N09925), Alloy K-500 (UNS N05500), Alloy 725 (UNS N07725), and others are among the most used PH nickel alloys in the oil and gas industry. Despite of their known high corrosion properties, hydrogen embrittlement is one common failure reported by the industry for this class of alloys.
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AC interference studies have become increasingly popular in an industry where shared right of ways have increased and there has been a better understanding of how AC interacts between pipelines and powerlines that are collocated with each other. While modeling software for AC interference studies have been developed since the 1990s, advancement in AC interference processes have occurred as more has been learned over the years. When performing an AC interference study there are three steps that need to be completed: field data collection, modeling, and mitigation design. Within this paper, we can compare a project from ten years ago to a project from today to understand the developments that have been made over the course of time to improve the way we develop our mitigation designs.
The authors have developed and introduced a molecular mechanistic model that quantifies and predicts simultaneous naphthenic acid and sulfidation (SNAPS) corrosion rates. This was subsequently presented as a definitive mechanistic corrosion prediction framework describing the molecular basis of the model’s reactions, kinetics, and mass transport of reactive organic sulfur compounds (ROSC) to vessel walls . In this molecular model, sulfidation corrosion is calculated for direct heterolytic reaction of ROSC with solid surfaces. As recently reported, % total S and ppm mercaptans are used as input for the ROSC reactions in the model (Figure 1).
Simulation and modeling of corrosion processes is an area of research that has seen significant growthin recent decades, with technological advancements drastically reducing the time required to solve theequations that underpin real-world physics. Predicting the behavior of a system computationally, whendone accurately, provides great benefit complementing experimental testing to further explain what ishappening within the corrosion process. There have therefore been multiple predictive models producedover the years to achieve this aim. Within the realm of carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion, Kahyarian et al.
It is well known that the hydrodynamics of fluid flow directly influences the corrosion process, as shownin various experiments utilizing rotating electrodes and flow loops to measure corrosion withinturbulent flow. However, when fluid is flowing through a pipe, there is a phenomenon known as the ‘noslipcondition’ which causes the velocity of the fluid to tend to zero as it reaches the wall. For straightpipe flow, this follows the ‘universal law of the wall’ (Figure 1) which separates flow into 3 domains: fullyturbulent flow, the buffer layer, and the viscous sublayer (also known as the boundary layer) which is thebeing modelled here.