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To evaluate through fracture toughness tests the susceptibility of SDSS to HISC and to determine the effect of the cathodic protection potential and the stress intensity factor rate (K-rate).
Super duplex stainless steels (SDSS) combine excellent corrosion resistance especially to the localized forms of corrosion with medium to high mechanical strength. This unique combination of properties has made these alloys very successful in the oil and gas industry. However, in some specific scenarios, even these steels have to be protected against corrosion, which is usually accomplished by cathodic protection. The synergic effect of hydrogen produced during cathodic protection with service mechanical loads may produce the embrittlement phenomenon known as hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC). Indeed, documented cases of failure due to HISC have somehow deteriorated the image of the SDSS and raised some concerns. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate through fracture toughness tests the susceptibility of SDSS to HISC and more specifically to determine the effect of the cathodic protection potential and the stress intensity factor rate (K-rate) on the results produced. Within the range of parameters studied here, the degradation of fracture toughness due to HISC is strongly dependent on the testing parameters employed, especially the cathodic potential with a less pronounced effect of the K-rate. The results also suggest that the issue of HISC might not be a material’s problem but instead can be mitigated by the optimization of cathodic protection design.
Keywords: Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS), Fracture Toughness, Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC)
The paper reviews the history of Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) failures of duplex and super duplex stainless steels when deployed subsea and subject to CP at potentials around minus 1V.
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Experience has shown that stainless steels can suffer from Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) under cathodic protection in seawater. This paper presents results from a test program examining the HISC susceptibility of 25% Cr super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32750) at temperatures up to 1500C.
Metallurgical investigations on a welded sample of 25% Cr super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32750) from a vessel that had operated above 300-350°C (570-660°F) for six months, resulting in brittle fracture.