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The paper reviews the history of Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) failures of duplex and super duplex stainless steels when deployed subsea and subject to CP at potentials around minus 1V.
The paper reviews the history of HISCC failures of duplex and super duplex stainless steels when deployed subsea and subject to CP at potentials around minus 1V. The test methods applied to investigate the problem and subsequently used to develop current design codes that deal with HISCC are reviewed. Data from these investigations is compared with other testing using the same cast and batch of material but where controlled shot peening is used to induce compressive residual stresses in the surface of the test samples. Parent material and cross welded samples were tested. Peened material showed a 10 to 15% improvement in the threshold stress to initiate HISCC.The paper also discussed the Advanced Forging Process ("AFP") production routerecently developed to provide both increased notch toughness at low design temperatures and improved resistance to HISCC in forgings used to make API weld neck and swivel ring flanges for sub sea manifolds. Datais presented showing an increase in the threshold stress from 85% SMYS to 97.5% of SMYS. Thisis attributed to the dissolution of detrimental nitride precipitates within ferrite grains in the forgings and transforming these in to advantageous intragranular reformed austenite.
Key Words; downloadable, superduplex, HISC, toughness, forgings, residual stress, shot peening
Based on alloy development and manufacturer independent supply experience of super duplex steel over a 30 year period the paper considers some of the less well known but recurring problems and the methods used to ameliorate them.
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A comprehensive test program is described quantifying the HISC performance of retrieved superduplex stainless steel subsea components and, comparing the actual performance against the limits derived following DNV RP F112: 2008.