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New in-situ HIC measurement method to make the connection between HIC propagation behavior and microstructure. Based on an automatic ultrasonic wave inspection system and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation.
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The paper summarizes the theoretical and test programs to validate the aluminum cladding solution – developed to overcome sulfide stress corrosion problems in high strength steel armors in H2S/CO2 containing environment.
The paper describes the development of the methodology for the full ring, full thickness 4-point bend (4PB) and large scale DCB specimens and the results obtained from these tests.
Facing the increasing industrial requirements on iron and steel products the importance of investigating hydrogen embrittlement has been rising straightly since Johnson first described the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of iron and steel in 1874. Since this day a lot of effort has been done on understanding and describing the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement and how absorbed hydrogen performs in materials.
To evaluate through fracture toughness tests the susceptibility of SDSS to HISC and to determine the effect of the cathodic protection potential and the stress intensity factor rate (K-rate).
In-service welding is applied for repairs or modifications for pipelines or pipework/equipment that lead to significant economic advantages by avoiding the costs of disrupting the pipeline’s operation decommissioning, draining of fluid inside piping, purging and it maintaining a continuous supply of products to customers. Moreover, in-service welding on pipelines or piping is uncommon practice due to the high risk caused by excessive heat input during weld or accelerated cooling rates. Referring to API 1104, there are two primary concerns with welding onto in-service pipelines. The first concern is to avoid “burning through,” where the welding arc causes the pipe wall to be breached. The second concern is for hydrogen cracking, since welds made in-service cool at an accelerated rate as the result of the flowing contents’ ability to remove heat from the pipe wall. This paper explores the development of an online welding procedure to weld stainless steel 304L, making branch connections to meet business requirements without disrupting the operation.
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a failure mechanism that occurs in susceptible materials exposed to a corrosive environment and submitted to tensile stress above a certain threshold. In the presence of these combined factors, SCC can occur and potentially lead to the failure of an asset. This failure mechanism has been widely reported in several susceptible alloys of carbon steel, making SCC a considerable threat for pipelines in contact with corrosive soil.
This standard establishes a test method for evaluating the resistance of pipeline and pressure vessel plate steels to HIC caused by hydrogen absorption from aqueous sulfide corrosion. Historical Document 1996
This standard establishes a test method for evaluating the resistance of pipeline and pressure vessel plate steels to HIC caused by hydrogen absorption from aqueous sulfide corrosion. Historical Document 2003
In linepipes for transportation of natural gas, suppression of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) caused by H2S contained in the transportation medium is an important issue. HIC is a phenomenon in which hydrogen atoms generated by a corrosion reaction penetrate steel and are accumulated in the central segregation part and inclusions in the steel, internal pressure is increased by gasification, and finally cracks occur.