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This paper addresses the relationship between hardness and environmental cracking resistance in nickel base alloys. The work here builds on the presentation made to AMPP’s SC08 Fall 2021 meeting on October 19th.
The issue of hardness testing and nickel base alloys h s been a contentious topic in the oil and gas community. In this paper we present the uses of hardness testing with respect to nickel base alloys with examples of limitations and applications. As hardness has historically been seen as a factor for predicting environmental cracking resistance of nickel base alloys, a literature assessment of slow strain rate data is presented examining the potential for a relationship between the hardness and the alloy’s resistance to environmental cracking. More recent studies tried to access the mechanisms behind the environmental cracking issue and their results are reviewed.
Pre-salt carbonate reservoirs in the Santos Basin are a challenge for offshore well design andconstruction. Located under a salt layer of around 2000 m, they generate large amounts of carbon dioxide associated with oil and gas production. To avoid releasing millions of cubic meters of CO2 into the atmosphere, the gas is reinjected or used for artificial lift purposes, where its fraction can reach up to 80% of the total composition.
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This paper presents work in follow-up to the previous study. It is focused on UNS1 N07718, UNS N09925, UNS N07725 and UNS N09946. A series of incremental step load tests of compact tensile specimens were conducted to measure the fracture toughness during testing and cracking was monitored by the Electric Crack Growth Monitoring technique. A new engineering technique, referred to as statistical fractography, was used to investigate the fracture surface morphology and extract from it the fracture properties of the alloys.
The Hanford Site stores over 50 million gallons (190 million liters) of legacy nuclear process waste that was generated from plutonium separations and waste management processes. This waste, in the form of supernatant liquids, saltcakes, and sludges is contained in large underground storage tanks, up to a million gallons (3.78 million liters) in capacity and lined with carbon steel. The waste was made highly alkaline to ensure passivation of the carbon steel, but it also contains nitrate, in high concentrations, along with fluoride and chloride that poses risks for stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion.