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51318-11027-Formation Mechanisms of Iron Oxide and Iron Sulfide at High Temperature in H2S Corrosion Environment

Picture for Formation Mechanisms of Iron Oxide and Iron Sulfide at High Temperature in H2S Corrosion Environment
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Previous studies have shown that, from 80°C to 200°C in an H2S only environment, magnetite forms as an inner layer while iron sulfides are found in the outer layer. A descriptive model for the formation mechanisms of magnetite and iron sulfide at high temperature is presented.

Product Number: 51318-11027-SG
Author: Shujun Gao / Bruce Brown / David Young / Srdjan Nesic / Marc Singer
Publication Date: 2018
Industry: Oil and Gas Production
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$20.00
$20.00

The mechanisms of corrosion of mild steel, and associated corrosion product formation, in high temperature sour environments are still largely unknown although they directly relate to pressing operating issues in the oil and gas industry. Previous studies have shown that, from 80°C to 200°C in an H2S only environment, magnetite forms as an inner layer while iron sulfides are found in the outer layer. Although magnetite is thermodynamically less stable than iron sulfide, it was always observed as a defined inner layer. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the formation mechanisms of magnetite and iron sulfide in a H2S environment at high temperature. The corrosion behavior of mild steel was first investigated in environments with and without H2S at 120oC, showing that magnetite is the dominant corrosion product layer in the initial stages of corrosion, due to a much faster kinetics of formation than iron sulfide (mackinawite). Magnetite is assumed to be responsible for the initial rapid decrease of the corrosion rate in this environment. In another experiment, the conversion of magnetite into mackinawite was investigated by exposing a preformed magnetite layer on an inert steel substrate (nickel) to an H2S environment. Consequently, it is postulated that Fe3O4 experiences a simultaneous and continuous process of formation at the steel/magnetite interface and conversion to mackinawite at the magnetite/mackinawite interface. A descriptive model for the formation mechanisms of magnetite and iron sulfide at high temperature is presented.

Key words: hydrogen sulfide, high temperature corrosion, iron sulfide, magnetite

The mechanisms of corrosion of mild steel, and associated corrosion product formation, in high temperature sour environments are still largely unknown although they directly relate to pressing operating issues in the oil and gas industry. Previous studies have shown that, from 80°C to 200°C in an H2S only environment, magnetite forms as an inner layer while iron sulfides are found in the outer layer. Although magnetite is thermodynamically less stable than iron sulfide, it was always observed as a defined inner layer. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the formation mechanisms of magnetite and iron sulfide in a H2S environment at high temperature. The corrosion behavior of mild steel was first investigated in environments with and without H2S at 120oC, showing that magnetite is the dominant corrosion product layer in the initial stages of corrosion, due to a much faster kinetics of formation than iron sulfide (mackinawite). Magnetite is assumed to be responsible for the initial rapid decrease of the corrosion rate in this environment. In another experiment, the conversion of magnetite into mackinawite was investigated by exposing a preformed magnetite layer on an inert steel substrate (nickel) to an H2S environment. Consequently, it is postulated that Fe3O4 experiences a simultaneous and continuous process of formation at the steel/magnetite interface and conversion to mackinawite at the magnetite/mackinawite interface. A descriptive model for the formation mechanisms of magnetite and iron sulfide at high temperature is presented.

Key words: hydrogen sulfide, high temperature corrosion, iron sulfide, magnetite

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Product Number: 51300-06644-SG
ISBN: 06644 2006 CP
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51318-10990-Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel under Iron Sulfide Layers in CO2/H2S Environment

Product Number: 51318-10990-SG
Author: Saba Navabzadeh Esmaeely / Gheorghe Bota / Bruce Brown / Srdjan Nesic
Publication Date: 2018
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Mild steel specimens (API 5L X65) were pretreated to form a pyrrhotite layer on the surface using high temperature sulfidation in oil, then exposed to a range of aqueous CO2 and H2S corrosion environments, leading to initiation of localized corrosion.

 
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51318-11022-Case Study: Solving the Puzzle of 10inch Duplex Stainless Steel Flowline Weld Failure

Product Number: 51318-11022-SG
Author: Mushaid Nauman, Mohammed Rashid
Publication Date: 2018
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This paper discusses the detailed inspection, testing, metallurgical analysis and supporting factors from which the most likely cause of pitting corrosion was revealed in the DSS flowline welds.

 
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