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Fe3O4, FeCO3 or FeS - Which Corrosion Product Will Prevail at High Temperature in CO2/H2S Environments?

Picture for Fe3O4, FeCO3 or FeS - Which Corrosion Product Will Prevail at High Temperature in CO2/H2S Environments?
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Sweet (CO2) and sour (H2S) corrosion have continuously been a challenge in oil and gas production and transportation. Yet, some key issues are still not well understood, especially at high temperature production conditions. A CO2/H2S ratio of 500, which has been used (often inaccurately) to determine which corrosion mechanism is dominant, is probably even less valid at high temperature. The nature of the corrosion products forming at high temperature in CO2/H2S environments and their effects on the corrosion rate are not known. Finally, the impact on pipeline integrity of environmental changes between sweet and sour production conditions (simulating reservoir souring) has not been well documented. CO2, H2S, and CO2/H2S corrosion experiments were conducted at 120oC to investigate corrosion mechanisms and corrosion product layer formation at high temperature. The results show that the corrosion products were still clearly dominated by H2S under the pCO2/pH2S ratio of 550. Formation of Fe3O4, FeCO3, and FeS corrosion product layers had a direct impact on the measured corrosion rates and was dependent on the gas composition and on the sequence of exposure (CO2 then H2S and vice versa). Compared with H2S corrosion alone, the presence of CO2 could retard Fe3O4 formation in CO2/H2S mixture environment. No obvious change in steady state corrosion rate was observed when the corrosion environment was switched from CO2 to H2S and vice versa. 

Product Number: 51320-14413-SG
Author: Shujun Gao, Bruce Brown, David Young, Srdjan Nesic, Marc Singer
Publication Date: 2020
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Picture for Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel under Iron Sulfide Layers in CO2/H2S Environment
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51318-10990-Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel under Iron Sulfide Layers in CO2/H2S Environment

Product Number: 51318-10990-SG
Author: Saba Navabzadeh Esmaeely / Gheorghe Bota / Bruce Brown / Srdjan Nesic
Publication Date: 2018
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Mild steel specimens (API 5L X65) were pretreated to form a pyrrhotite layer on the surface using high temperature sulfidation in oil, then exposed to a range of aqueous CO2 and H2S corrosion environments, leading to initiation of localized corrosion.

 
Picture for Electrochemical Model of Sour Corrosion of Mild Steel - Validation at High H2S Partial Pressures
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Electrochemical Model of Sour Corrosion of Mild Steel - Validation at High H2S Partial Pressures

Product Number: 51317--9098-SG
ISBN: 9098 2017 CP
Author: Saba Navabzadeh Esmaeely
Publication Date: 2017
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H2S corrosion mechanisms, specifically at high partial pressures of H2S (pH2S), have not been extensively studied because of experimental difficulties and associated safety issues. The current study was conducted under well-controlled conditions at pH2S of 0.05 and 0.096 MPa.
Picture for 02296 CORROSION PRODUCT FILMS ON CARBON...
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02296 CORROSION PRODUCT FILMS ON CARBON STEEL IN SEMI-SOUR CO2/H2S ENVIRONMENTS

Product Number: 51300-02296-SG
ISBN: 02296 2002 CP
Author: J. Kvarekval, R. Nyborg and M. Seiersten
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