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Evaluation of the Hydrogen Diffusion and Transport Kinetics in ASTM A508 Grade 4N

Picture for Evaluation of the Hydrogen Diffusion and Transport Kinetics in ASTM A508 Grade 4N
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Product Number: 51321-16404-SG
Author: Esteban Rodoni/Andreas Viereckl/Zakaria Quadir/Garry Leadbeater/Mariano Iannuzzi
Publication Date: 2021
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Low Alloy steels (LASs) are, by volume, the most widely used alloy family in critical oil & gas (O&G) components. However, the strength and hardness of LASs for sour environments are limited to prevent different forms of hydrogen embrittlement, such as hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) and sulfide stress cracking (SSC). Moreover, ISO 15156-2 (1) restricts LASs to a maximum of 1 wt% Ni due to SSC concerns. In the present work, the hydrogen diffusivity of the nuclear-grade ASTM(2) A508 Gr.4N LAS was measured using the hydrogen permeation method. Results are linked to quenched and tempered (Q&T) microstructure features characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, a comparison was made between the A508 Gr.4N and a ferritic-pearlitic steel with similar Ni content. This work is connected with the HSC evaluation of the same alloy by slow strain rate testing (SSRT) described in a separate publication.

Key words: High-strength low alloy steel, hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen stress cracking, environmentally assisted cracking, oil and gas, subsea, hydrogen permeation test, cathodic protection.

Low Alloy steels (LASs) are, by volume, the most widely used alloy family in critical oil & gas (O&G) components. However, the strength and hardness of LASs for sour environments are limited to prevent different forms of hydrogen embrittlement, such as hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) and sulfide stress cracking (SSC). Moreover, ISO 15156-2 (1) restricts LASs to a maximum of 1 wt% Ni due to SSC concerns. In the present work, the hydrogen diffusivity of the nuclear-grade ASTM(2) A508 Gr.4N LAS was measured using the hydrogen permeation method. Results are linked to quenched and tempered (Q&T) microstructure features characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, a comparison was made between the A508 Gr.4N and a ferritic-pearlitic steel with similar Ni content. This work is connected with the HSC evaluation of the same alloy by slow strain rate testing (SSRT) described in a separate publication.

Key words: High-strength low alloy steel, hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen stress cracking, environmentally assisted cracking, oil and gas, subsea, hydrogen permeation test, cathodic protection.

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