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As using underground infrastructures, such as heat transport facilities continues for a long time, damage cases due to corrosion continue to occur. Therefore, it is essential to understand the corrosion behavior of underground metal facilities in terms of safety and economy. Many studies have been conducted on the corrosion of pipeline steels in soil.
Direct electrochemical tests were conducted to evaluate the corrosion rate and interference of the stray current on district heating pipelines in real soil environments. The tests were conducted in three sites according to the soil environment (general, river nearby, and in stray current hazardous areas). Then, the effects of soil physical factors, including porosity and water content, on corrosion were evaluated using electrochemical tests. In addition, the stray current interference was quantified by measuring the corrosion potential of the pipeline steel in the real soil. The increased charge by stray current was calculated by comparing the stray current interference charge with the equilibrium state charge. Analyzing the corrosion rate measured in each site using linear polarization resistance and impedance electrochemical spectroscopy tests showed that the corrosion rate of pipeline steel was about 120 μm/year in the absence of stray current interference. However, when the interference of stray current was affected, the corrosion rate of pipeline steel is increased by 33.3% in the river nearby.
Concerns related to stray DC interference. Including safety, testing, documentation and lessons learned. Also addressed are DC powered transit systems and other unordinary sources of DC interference.
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Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) is a very common active ingredient in oil and gas biocides. While product labels provide broad guidelines application dosing the lowest effective dose of THPS is difficult to determine. Site water chemistry and bacteria biology variability will affect the dose need to achieve the desired level of bacteria population control. For these reasons biocide dose response studies are commonly conducted on solutions containing bacteria to determine the effect of treatments before application.
Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is currently stored in stainless steel dry storage canisters (DSCs) contained within concrete cask systems with passive ambient air cooling. These systems are emplaced, either horizontally or vertically, at independent spent fuel storage installations (ISFSIs), located at utility reactor sites. The ambient air introduces moisture, aerosolized salt particles, and dust to the canister surfaces. The composition of the aerosols depends on geographical factors, such as proximity to the ocean,industrial area, rural areas, and transportation corridors that use road salt for winterization.