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The authors look toward the future of specifying coating projects starting with the traditional prescriptive, means-and-methods, coating formula-based specifications. The popular qualified product list (QPL) approach is presented along with its drawbacks. The design/build (DB) ideal and limitations of specifying only performance is presented.
The authors look toward the future of specifying coating projects starting with the traditional prescriptive, means-and-methods, coating formula-based specifications. The popular qualified product list (QPL) approach is presented along with its drawbacks. The design/build (DB) ideal and limitations of specifying only performance is presented. The balanced equifinality principal is demonstrated in multiple areas including material selection, surface preparation, application, and inspection using real world examples from the water and wastewater, oil and gas pipeline, bridge, and food and beverage industries. Newer technologies including wet-abrasive / vapor blast cleaning, one and two-coat systems, and optically activated pigments (OAP) are included. The criticality of contractor work and inspection plans is stressed. Finally, the complication of considering period inspection and maintenance in the long term life cycle performance equation is also explored.
Epoxy coatings provide excellent physical barrier to the steel reinforcing bars that are embedded in reinforced concrete and prevent chloride ions from reaching the bar surface under corrosive environment. Such protection primarily depends on the integrity of the coatings, which can often be damaged during construction. Repair of epoxy coatings can be time consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is important to determine a critical amount of damage that can be tolerated without compromising the capacity of the coatings to provide corrosion protection.
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A long-term project such as the current Brooklyn Bridge Rehabilitation Program, known as Brooklyn Bridge Contract 6, presents a great opportunity to collect vast amounts of data and records relating to the total coating replacement on a historic landmark. On any project, especially one of this scope, the project team has to deal with many obstacles, both expected and unexpected, and significant unknowns.
In order to simplify the measurement of electrochemical noise in field applications, three identical electrodes, one acting as reference electrode (RE), are often used. In this work, a measurement scheme, which employs two REs is proposed, which can reduce the error due to the RE's noise. An example of its implementation is also presented.