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51318-11182-Effects of Pre-Oxidiation and Carburization on Corrosion in Molten Fluoride Salts

Picture for Effects of Pre-Oxidiation and Carburization on Corrosion in Molten Fluoride Salts
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Static exposure tests of pre-oxidized stainless steel and carburized chromium were conducted in the molten fluoride salt, LiF-NaF-KF (46.5-11.5-42 mol %), FLiNaK to simulate the corrosion environment typical of some advanced nuclear reaction concepts.

Product Number: 51318-11182-SG
Author: Kevin J. Chan / Rebecca Ambrecht / Won Tae Choi / Preet M. Singh
Publication Date: 2018
Industry: Energy Generation
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Molten fluoride salt coolants are used in several advanced nuclear reactor concepts. Corrosion of structural alloys in molten fluorides is distinguished from other instances of high temperature corrosion by the lack of protection by oxide scales. Protective oxide scales do not form on surfaces exposed to molten fluoride due to the solubility of oxides and low oxygen activity. However, pre-oxidation of alloys can be done to create a continuous high quality oxide scale before exposure to the molten fluoride environment. Pre-oxidation has been shown to improve hot corrosion resistance of some alloys. Carbides are known to be resistant to attack by molten fluorides and could potentially be used to form a diffusion barrier on alloy surfaces. Alloy S31603 and alumina forming austenitic stainless steel OC5 were pre-oxidized in air or steam atmosphere to form surface oxide film. Chromium carbide layers were formed by carburization treatment of pure chromium in a hydrocarbon/hydrogen environment. Static exposure tests of these materials were conducted in the molten fluoride salt, LiF-NaF-KF (46.5-11.5-42 mol %), FLiNaK to simulate the corrosion environment. Pre-oxidation was not found to be a viable means of corrosion mitigation, while the carbide layers were found to improve corrosion resistance in molten fluoride environments.

Key words: MSR, FHR, molten salt, pre-oxidation, chromium carbide, molten fluoride, FLiNaK

Molten fluoride salt coolants are used in several advanced nuclear reactor concepts. Corrosion of structural alloys in molten fluorides is distinguished from other instances of high temperature corrosion by the lack of protection by oxide scales. Protective oxide scales do not form on surfaces exposed to molten fluoride due to the solubility of oxides and low oxygen activity. However, pre-oxidation of alloys can be done to create a continuous high quality oxide scale before exposure to the molten fluoride environment. Pre-oxidation has been shown to improve hot corrosion resistance of some alloys. Carbides are known to be resistant to attack by molten fluorides and could potentially be used to form a diffusion barrier on alloy surfaces. Alloy S31603 and alumina forming austenitic stainless steel OC5 were pre-oxidized in air or steam atmosphere to form surface oxide film. Chromium carbide layers were formed by carburization treatment of pure chromium in a hydrocarbon/hydrogen environment. Static exposure tests of these materials were conducted in the molten fluoride salt, LiF-NaF-KF (46.5-11.5-42 mol %), FLiNaK to simulate the corrosion environment. Pre-oxidation was not found to be a viable means of corrosion mitigation, while the carbide layers were found to improve corrosion resistance in molten fluoride environments.

Key words: MSR, FHR, molten salt, pre-oxidation, chromium carbide, molten fluoride, FLiNaK

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51318-11191-Behavior of High-Temperature Materials in Sulphur-Containing Steam Cracking Conditions

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Author: Dietlinde Jakobi / Peter Karduck
Publication Date: 2018
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The influence of sulfur as H2S-addition on the stability or degradation of tube materials and on the coke formation was studied. The investigated samples were alumina-forming- as well as chromia-forming alloys taken from conventional radiant tubes.
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51318-11184-Advances in on-site corrosion inhibitor management

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Publication Date: 2018
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On-site personnel can now be trained to gather and test samples. Development of this on-site testing kit is described and a case study presented on its use in the field. Feedback provided from on-site personnel, and further development of the method are discussed.

 
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51318-11189-Corrosion Protection of Out-of-Service Pipelines

Product Number: 51318-11189-SG
Author: Leigh Gendron / Kelly Baker / Terry Natale
Publication Date: 2018
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This paper presents new applications of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors (VCI) inside new and/or existing out-of-service pipelines. The system utilizes a combination of soluble and volatile corrosion inhibitors that are directly applied into the pipeline.
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