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Offshore oil production facilities are subject to internal corrosion, potentially leading to human and environmental risk and significant economic losses. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and reservoir souring are important factors for corrosion-related maintenance costs in the petroleum industry.1 MIC is caused by sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP), which can be Bacteria (SRB) or Archaea (SRA), with the main focus in literature being on SRB.2–5 The microorganisms most frequently reported in literature to be responsible for MIC are the SRB; Desulfovibrio, Desulfobacter, Desulfomonas, Desulfotomaculum, Desulfobacterium, Desulfobotulus, and Desulfotignum, and methanogens.2,5
Offshore oil production is susceptible to internal corrosion, which can occur through microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) caused by biofilm-forming sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP). The oil and gas industry relies primarily on biocides and mechanical cleaning to mitigate MIC. Halophytes (salttolerant plants) produce a variety of bioactive compounds, some of which have antimicrobial activity. MIC was studied on UNS S31600 stainless steel coupons in flasks with three extract types, from four halophytes, at three different concentrations. Flasks were inoculated batch-wise with anaerobic sediment from the Wadden Sea (Denmark) to mimic North Sea oil production MIC. Using H2S as activity indicator for SRPs initial trials showed a >99.5% reduction in H2S concentration in samples treated with 20% (v/v) Type B extracts compared to extract-free controls, indicating a significant reduction of SRP. ATP concentrations were only lowered by ≥15% (v/v) concentrations of extracts. Next-generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of DNA from Bacteria and Archaea showed a significant shift away from SRPs in the microbial composition in inoculations with extracts. Visual reduction in corrosion was observed on the coupons treated with 20% Type B extract from halophytes 3 and 4.
Corrosion inhibitors are used to prevent pipeline corrosion in oil and gas industry. The evaluation of corrosion inhibitors is one of the most important tasks for the corrosion engineers. Corrosion of the metal is suppressed by the inhibitor adsorption on the metal surface. Active ingredients of corrosion inhibitors are, in general, surfactants. A surfactant can adsorb on the internal metal surface of piping and makes a hydrophobic film preventing the contact of water with the metal surface.
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TOL corrosion is reported to occur in large diameter wet gas pipeline in stratified flow conditionsdue to low fluid velocities1. With increasing distance from the inlet, the wet gas pipeline becomescooler as it loses heat to the environment. Such cooling causes water, hydrocarbon, and otherhigh vapor pressure species to condense on the pipe wall. The upper part of the pipe willconstantly be supplied with freshly condensed water while the less corrosive water saturatedwith corrosion products will be drained along the pipe wall to the bottom of the line.
Structural steel, which is a critical component of many infrastructures, can suffer from deterioration of steel by reaction with air and its pollutants known as atmospheric corrosion when exposed to theenvironment. The risks associated with corrosion of newly-built and ageing infrastructure are high and their consequences costly. The recent International Measures of Prevention, Application, andEconomics of Corrosion Technologies (IMPACT) study led by NACE International (now renamed asAMPP) has shown for Canada the estimated annual corrosion cost to be $51.9 billion, which is 2.9% of Canada’s GDP.