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Marine fouling is a significant problem in many industries. Since the ban of tributyl tin, a toxic additive prevalent in anti-fouling coatings, various new technologies have emerged to combat this problem. Silicone elastomers are a popular, non-toxic solution to fouling in numerous marine environments. These coatings, however, still incorporate volatile organic compounds (VOC) to aid in application and often require routine maintenance or recoating in approximately 5 years.
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The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the current advancements of monitoring the integrity level of the processing facilities using means of Integrity Operating Window (IOW) program. In our company, integrity and material & corrosion departments across the upstream and downstream businesses successfully implemented a well oriented and constructive IOW programs to manage the corrosion risks and monitor the integrity level of the capital assets and proactively assess the situation to prevent loss of primary containment. The technology that sets behind this success is the digitalized approach that gathers information from process, operations, lab services and inspection programs and converts them all into a high-level real-time tracking system that asses the current status of corrosion threats and integrity level.
A polished concrete floor project can be a very rewarding experience, as well as a tough lesson. Experience in the field and following certain guidelines can make a job much more rewarding and cost effective. Cutting corners or a misdiagnosis of the floor itself and/or environment can yield disastrous and costly results. In this article, we will walk you through the basic steps along with a complete overview of polished concrete. We will examine all steps, including environment, concrete diagnosis, grinding, densifying, polishing, color, and of course, maintenance.
Wastewater collection and treatment systems face a more serious corrosion problem today than in the past. There are several reasons for this, including odor control, reduced I&I, chemical composition of sewage, an increase in the retention time, and concrete that is not of the same quality as it was only 30 years ago.
Pipeline integrity management and practices have been systemized through standards(1), and one important aspect in integrity management is corrosion monitoring. Corrosion monitoring by using permanently installed equipment has increased in the past years(2). By using permanently installed ultrasound transducer (UT) sensors and automating signal processing and communication, a more costefficient corrosion management program can be obtained. Ultrasound techniques have been developed to complement traditional inspection with monitoring to improve cost efficiency of pipeline integrity management.
Production of oil and gas is well known to cause potential corrosion issues due to the CO2 content in the well stream. Carbon steel is widely used for production facilities as e.g. flowlines and manifolds, however, aging of the reservoir increases the number of corrosive agents, such as e.g. CO2, which are known to cause high corrosion rates in carbon steel. Therefore, carbon steel piping is often being replaced with super duplex stainless steel due to its high strength, excellent toughness and good corrosion resistance. Replacing carbon steel with super duplex has been conducted on several mature offshore oilfields in the European North Sea region.
There are several ways to validate the performance of a cathodic protection (CP) system for buried pipelines. Over the years, pipeline networks and their corrosion challenges have become increasingly complicated, not least due to the many sources of both AC and DC interference that affects CP operation. Also, the various measurement techniques that can be applied to test CP effectiveness has increased over the years. Finally, the sheer number of buried pipeline miles has been constantly increasing.
This paper will identify and document how these different factors affect the susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel to Chloride-Stress Corrosion cracking based on a review of currently available literature. A review of current industry best practices and a review of how the Oxygen content, the pH and application of stress relief affects Chloride-Stress Corrosion Cracking will be documented and presented.
This paper proposes to identify the differences in chemistry between the two types of OAA and the potential shortfalls in the use of each type under practical working conditions. It will also highlight the proven benefits of these additives in service.
Shown on Figure 1 is a typical impressed current CP diagram. When the rectifier is first turned on, i.e. time t=0, there is no polarization yet. At that moment, the applied DC voltage is fully consumed by IR drops at anode (IRa0) and cathode (IRc0), plus original potential difference between anode and pipe (Eoca- Eocc). When t=0, the current is at the greatest value. Over time when polarization kicks in, due to adding polarization resistance, the current is gradually reduced.
A recent review provided an overview of current microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) research. It established that despite extensive study and numerous publications, fundamental questions relating to MIC remain unanswered and stress the lack of information associated with MIC recognition, prediction, and mitigation (Little et al., 2020). On the other hand, bibliometric analysis on the MIC of engineering systems conducted a knowledge gap analysis to focus research efforts and to develop a roadmap for MIC research (Hashemi et al., 2018).
There are a number of petrochemical plants that experience equipment failure and production loss due to corrosion. Proper maintenance of their existing equipment greatly reduces a plant’s down time therefore allowing production to continue. For those facilities that do not have an existing maintenance-painting program, we have developed a beginners / non-technical program guide that is easy to understand and implement as it addresses many plant’s existing and future coating systems.