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Oil and gas buried pipelines are protected against corrosion by both organic coatings, a passive protection system, and cathodic protection, an active protection system. When coating defects occur, CP controls the corrosion of the exposed steel surface. From an operating point of view, cathodic protection interruptions can occur on the network during interventions, consignments, or technical problems. Literature indicates that during CP interruption the corrosion rate of the metal remains lower than its free corrosion rate. Application of CP confers a remanence of protection to the metal. The objective of this study is to determine the safe duration for cathodic protection interruptions depending on environmental and cathodic protection conditions.
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The creepage of corrosion underneath a coatings film applied to a steel test panel is often used as a performance test for the anti-corrosion properties of a coating system. Underfilm corrosion creep, also sometimes referred as scribe creep in the laboratory environment, is defined as the degree of corrosion emanating away from a scribe line underneath a coating film applied to a steel substrate.
This paper examines the restoration of the Robert F. Kennedy (Triborough) Bridges - lead removal and painting approaches for the three bridges which compose one of the largest and most controversial structures in NYC. The techniques employed reflect typical approaches as well as some unique operations associated with the rehabilitation of major bridge structures.
The purpose of surface preparation is to get a required adhesion between steel and the coated film. Adhesion is a significant factor for the suitability and life of protective coatings in corrosive surroundings. In the shipbuilding industry, air blasting with round blasting nozzles is common practice for achieving the productivity and proper surface profile. Generally, the round blasting nozzle cannot evenly spread the abrasive material on a steel surface compared with a rectangular nozzle.
Characteristics of the rapid cure non-skid coating systems for the highly stressed area, exposed deck of the marine vessels were studied in order to establish an advanced coating system with higher cracking resistance. Some previous non-skid epoxy based coating systems for marine vessels suffered premature coating failure such as crack and delamination due to the lower fracture elongation of the coating accompanied with higher external stress.
Precipitation hardened (PH) nickel alloys have been broadly used in various applications in the oil and gas industry thanks to its high strengths and outstanding corrosion resistance in several aggressive environments. Alloy 718 (UNS1 N07718), Alloy 925 (UNS N09925), Alloy K-500 (UNS N05500), Alloy 725 (UNS N07725), and others are among the most used PH nickel alloys in the oil and gas industry. Despite of their known high corrosion properties, hydrogen embrittlement is one common failure reported by the industry for this class of alloys.
Now more than ever, epoxy coatings on concrete will only prove successful if diligent care is given to the details of concrete preparation. Preparation is more than grinding or facing of an existing surface and should ideally begin in the developmental stages of the structure.
Mineral abrasives such as glass bead and aluminum oxide have been traditionally used in the surface finishing industry. The general perception is that they offer acceptable cleaning at a low operating cost. Often dismissed is the potential of metallic alternatives that though seemingly higher in initial procurement cost, offer several differentiating advantages in terms of recyclability, consistency of finish, repeatable results and ultimately resulting in overall, reduced operating costs.
Most companies involved in abrasive blasting are familiar with this iconic illustration, which shows the components of an abrasive-blast equipment set up. In this article, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations pertaining to each component are given.
The easiest way to compare abrasives is to look at the price per unit (i.e., price per ton or price per pound). If only it were that easy! Unfortunately comparing the price per unit assumes that all abrasives perform the same – and we all know that is not the case.
The County of Madison, MS. experienced severe degradation of a major pump station in their system that was less than 10 years old. They contracted with Waggoner Engineering of Jackson, MS. to design a rehabilitation system as well as increase the structural integrity with the addition of some support walls. The project created scheduling issues due to the addition of new concrete structures to the pump station. The use of innovative coatings technologies that offered the ability to apply corrosion resistant linings over green concrete structures, dramatically enhanced the project schedule and reduced overall costs.
Generic descriptions of a coating material does not always ensure that it will perform in the CUI service. Testing and acceptance criteria will help owners to ensure that specific coating materials can provide service as required in industrial CUI environments. The intent of these test procedures is not to rank coatings, but test and accept coatings for use in specifications for actual application.