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Carbon Steel Corrosion On Production Environment, Evaluating The Impact Of CO2 Partial Pressure, BSW And Oil Characteristics On Tubular Life Extend

Picture for Carbon Steel Corrosion On Production Environment, Evaluating The Impact Of CO2 Partial Pressure, BSW And Oil Characteristics On Tubular Life Extend
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Product Number: 51321-16868-SG
Author: Merlin C. E. Bandeira; Rogaciano M. Moreira; Felipe S. Assunção; Oscar R. Mattos; Gustavo L. Vaz; Jefferson R. Oliveira; Ilson Palmieri; Bruno Diehl Neto
Publication Date: 2021
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$20.00
$20.00

The high productivity of pre-salt exploratory wells led to a re-evaluation of Petrobras' model of offshore
oil production and exploration. We present here the study that allowed the conversion of exploratory
wells into producers, based on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in different scenarios of pre-salt
field production. The aim of the test program was to evaluate the influence of the produced water
content (BSW), CO2 partial pressure and oil characteristics on the carbon steel corrosion resistance.
General corrosion analysis showed that for brine content below 40% corrosion rates ca. 0.05 mm/year
for 28-day tests. Higher CO2 partial pressure did not lead to increased corrosiveness, unlike shear
stress. There was localized corrosion in most of the evaluated test conditions, confirming the
importance of using laboratory techniques that allow such analysis. Localized as well as generalized
corrosion kinetics decrease over time, confirming that laboratory tests, even when replicating field
conditions, are more conservative as the operation time of the production columns will be extremely
longer than laboratory test times. Based on results of this test program it was possible to extend the
operation of exploratory wells adopting as safety criteria for well abandonment the produced water
content (i.e. BS&W content) and additionally monitoring the internal pressure of production tubing.

The high productivity of pre-salt exploratory wells led to a re-evaluation of Petrobras' model of offshore
oil production and exploration. We present here the study that allowed the conversion of exploratory
wells into producers, based on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in different scenarios of pre-salt
field production. The aim of the test program was to evaluate the influence of the produced water
content (BSW), CO2 partial pressure and oil characteristics on the carbon steel corrosion resistance.
General corrosion analysis showed that for brine content below 40% corrosion rates ca. 0.05 mm/year
for 28-day tests. Higher CO2 partial pressure did not lead to increased corrosiveness, unlike shear
stress. There was localized corrosion in most of the evaluated test conditions, confirming the
importance of using laboratory techniques that allow such analysis. Localized as well as generalized
corrosion kinetics decrease over time, confirming that laboratory tests, even when replicating field
conditions, are more conservative as the operation time of the production columns will be extremely
longer than laboratory test times. Based on results of this test program it was possible to extend the
operation of exploratory wells adopting as safety criteria for well abandonment the produced water
content (i.e. BS&W content) and additionally monitoring the internal pressure of production tubing.

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Picture for The Effect of High Partial Pressure of CO2 on the Corrosion Mechanism of Carbon Steel in H2O-CO2 Systems
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51318-11623-The Effect of High Partial Pressure of CO2 on the Corrosion Mechanism of Carbon Steel in H2O-CO2 Systems

Product Number: 51318-11623-SG
Author: Tatiana C. Almeida / Oscar R. Mattos / Rogaciano M. Moreira / Merlin C. E. Bandeira
Publication Date: 2018
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The corrosion mechanism of X65 carbon steel was evaluated in water environment by increasing CO2 partial pressure from 1 bar at 24 °C to 110 bar at 40 °C, reaching conditions that include water saturated with supercritical CO2.
Picture for 51318-11070- Corrosion and SSC Resistant Cladding Material for H2S/CO2 Oil and Gas Containing Environment
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51318-11070- Corrosion and SSC Resistant Cladding Material for H2S/CO2 Oil and Gas Containing Environment

Product Number: 51318-11070-SG
Author: E. Fallahmohammadi / R. Sica / P. Anelli / F. Casiraghi
Publication Date: 2018
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The paper summarizes the theoretical and test programs to validate the aluminum cladding solution – developed to overcome sulfide stress corrosion problems in high strength steel armors in H2S/CO2 containing environment.
Picture for Performance of UNS N06625 Weld Clad on Carbon Steel in CO2/H2S Environment at 120°C
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Performance of UNS N06625 Weld Clad on Carbon Steel in CO2/H2S Environment at 120°C

Product Number: 51319-12767-SG
Author: Shiladitya Paul
Publication Date: 2019
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Carbon steels are widely used in the oil and gas exploration and production service. However these materials are prone to corrosion and cracking in CO2/H2S. The propensity to cracking increases when higher strength grades are employed. The use of corrosion resistant alloys incurs costs; however these costs are justified in environments where severe corrosion or cracking of cheaper carbon steel is anticipated. Cost reduction can be attained if these materials are coated by an industrial method such as weld cladding onto carbon steel. To understand the behaviour of UNS N06625 weld clad on carbon steel several weld clad specimens were prepared and tested in de-aerated 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 30 days in 9.5 MPa CO2 containing 0.5MPa H2S at 120°C. Specimens were also tested in stressed conditions. Microstructural characterization revealed that the ‘swirls’ of carbon steel in the clad specimens were susceptible to sulphide scale formation in the test environment. These swirls can extend up a few hundred micrometres from the fusion line. The stressed specimens showed no visible cracks at 10X magnification.Thus when selecting the thickness of weld cladding on carbon steel one should choose the thickness to avoid swirls reaching the surface of the cladding.
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