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09531 Techniques for Monitoring Conditions Leading to SCC of Carbon Steel in Fuel Grade Ethanol

Picture for 09531 Techniques for Monitoring Conditions Leading to SCC of Carbon Steel in Fuel Grade Ethanol
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Product Number: 51300-09531-SG
ISBN: 09531 2009 CP
Author: John Beavers, Narasi Sridhar, Feng Gui
Publication Date: 2009
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Carbon steels are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in ethanol. The propensity for SCC strongly depends on the potential of the carbon steel and the oxygen concentration of the ethanol. Thus, a rugged reference electrode to reliably monitor the potential of steel in ethanol and a tool that can measure oxygen concentration in ethanol are desired to provide sufficient knowledge in determining the SCC susceptibility. The gel reference electrode used in this work showed sound performance for use in ethanol to monitor the corrosion potential of carbon steel. Compared to conventional reference electrodes, it has a small leaking rate and thus can reduce the contamination of the tested environment significantly. Furthermore, unlike an electrode with a liquid filling solution, constant maintenance is not needed because a polymer gel was used, which makes the electrode an ideal candidate for use in pipeline and storage tanks for long term potential monitoring. The oxygen concentration was measured with an optical oxygen probe. Oxygen is approximately ten times more soluble in ethanol than in water. The evaluated probe responds to the environment changes quickly and precisely and is a good tool to monitor oxygen concentration in ethanol as a way to determine the SCC propensity of the steel.

Key words: biofuel, ethanol, stress corrosion cracking, SCC, reference electrode, oxygen probe, oxygen sensor
Carbon steels are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in ethanol. The propensity for SCC strongly depends on the potential of the carbon steel and the oxygen concentration of the ethanol. Thus, a rugged reference electrode to reliably monitor the potential of steel in ethanol and a tool that can measure oxygen concentration in ethanol are desired to provide sufficient knowledge in determining the SCC susceptibility. The gel reference electrode used in this work showed sound performance for use in ethanol to monitor the corrosion potential of carbon steel. Compared to conventional reference electrodes, it has a small leaking rate and thus can reduce the contamination of the tested environment significantly. Furthermore, unlike an electrode with a liquid filling solution, constant maintenance is not needed because a polymer gel was used, which makes the electrode an ideal candidate for use in pipeline and storage tanks for long term potential monitoring. The oxygen concentration was measured with an optical oxygen probe. Oxygen is approximately ten times more soluble in ethanol than in water. The evaluated probe responds to the environment changes quickly and precisely and is a good tool to monitor oxygen concentration in ethanol as a way to determine the SCC propensity of the steel.

Key words: biofuel, ethanol, stress corrosion cracking, SCC, reference electrode, oxygen probe, oxygen sensor
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Picture for 09528 Corrosion and SCC Issues in Fuel Ethanol and Biofuels
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09528 Corrosion and SCC Issues in Fuel Ethanol and Biofuels

Product Number: 51300-09528-SG
ISBN: 09528 2009 CP
Author: Sankara Papavinasam, Russell D. Kane
Publication Date: 2009
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Picture for 09530 SCC Behavior of Steel in Fuel Ethanol and Butanol
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09530 SCC Behavior of Steel in Fuel Ethanol and Butanol

Product Number: 51300-09530-SG
ISBN: 09530 2009 CP
Author: Dale McIntyre, Anand Venkatesh, Russell D. Kane
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Picture for 07574 SCC of Carbon Steel in Fuel Ethanol Service: Effect of Corrosion Potential and Ethanol Process
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07574 SCC of Carbon Steel in Fuel Ethanol Service: Effect of Corrosion Potential and Ethanol Processing Source

Product Number: 51300-07574-SG
ISBN: 07574 2007 CP
Author: Julio G. Maldonado and Narasi Sridhar
Publication Date: 07574
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Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel in fuel ethanol service has been observed in an increasing number of failures in the last few years. In the presence of oxygen, all of the samples evaluated in this study produced varying degrees of SCC, except for one of the producer ethanol samples. The reason for the high corrosion potential in this sample is still unknown and more detailed analysis of the sample chemical make-up is needed.

 
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