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The US Environmental Protection Agency defines "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)" in 40 CFR 51.100(s) as “any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions.”
The US Environmental Protection Agency defines "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)" in 40 CFR 51.100(s) as “any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions.” VOC are precursors to the formation of ground level ozone and particulate matter in the atmosphere which are the main ingredients of the air pollutant referred to as smog.
A formulated nanoparticle dispersion increases the cross linking of waterborne protective coatings without reducing the formula shelf life. Among the cross linking-related improvements are MEK rub resistance, humidity and immersion resistance, tensile strength and blocking resistance. The findings are in accord with a non-covalent mechanism of cross linking.
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Concrete and other cementitious surfaces are porous materials that will allow water and soluble contaminants to penetrate the structure leading to degradation. The effects of degradation can include efflorescence, laitance and physical defects such as cracking and spalling. Waterproofing concrete can protect it from freeze/thaw cycles, increase chemical resistance, and provide protection to imbedded reinforcing steel.
Work zones pose a hazard for the traveling public and workers. Through proper planning, training and the use safety equipment, the hazards can be minimized or prevented.