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The Temperature Functionality of Sensitized Stainless Steel SCC Growth in Deaerated Water

The SCC of stainless steels has been an issue facing light water reactors (LWRs) since 1965 when sensitized components failed in the Dresden boiling water reactor (BWR). Numerous experimental efforts have been performed to characterize the SCC of stainless steel in LWRs in the last several decades and many of these efforts have been reported at each of the prior Environmental Degradation of Materials Conferences. Recent research has focused on characterizing SCCGR dependencies in hydrogen deaerated water. Testing of cold worked (CW) stainless steel has shown that heavily CW stainless steel has Arrhenius temperature functionality with a thermal activation energy of roughly 75 kJ/mol . In moderately to low CW stainless steel, a departure from Arrhenius temperature functionality is observed due to high temperature SCCGR retardation (HTR). This paper further extends this research and describes tests which were conducted to characterize the SCCGR temperature dependency of sensitized and CW 304 SS in hydrogenated water.

Product Number: ED22-17110-SG
Author: David Morton, Elaine West, Tyler Moss and George Newsome
Publication Date: 2022
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Stress corrosion crack growth rate (SCCGR) tests were conducted on cold worked 304 stainless steel (SS) in hydrogen deaerated water to characterize the temperature dependency. Tests were performed on 304 SS heats with and without sensitization. 304 SS sensitization heat treatments were performed prior to and after cold working the test material. Test results showed that heavily cold worked non-sensitized 304 SS SCCGR follows an Arrhenius temperature functionality with an activation energy of 18 kcal/mol (75 kJ/mol). A deviation from Arrhenius functionality occurs in 304 SS at low levels of cold work, and other conditions that reduce the SCCGR propensity, due to high temperature SCCGR retardation (HTR). Results showed a complex effect of sensitization. Sensitization enhances SCCGRs at temperatures less than ~250°C but enhances and extends the propensity for SCCGR retardation at higher temperature. The similarity between the SCCGR temperature functionality of sensitized and then cold worked and cold worked and then sensitized 304 SS suggests that chromium depletion, not the enhancement of deformation at grain boundaries due to carbides, controls this dependency. Specimen analytical characterization results and HTR mechanism implications are discussed.

Stress corrosion crack growth rate (SCCGR) tests were conducted on cold worked 304 stainless steel (SS) in hydrogen deaerated water to characterize the temperature dependency. Tests were performed on 304 SS heats with and without sensitization. 304 SS sensitization heat treatments were performed prior to and after cold working the test material. Test results showed that heavily cold worked non-sensitized 304 SS SCCGR follows an Arrhenius temperature functionality with an activation energy of 18 kcal/mol (75 kJ/mol). A deviation from Arrhenius functionality occurs in 304 SS at low levels of cold work, and other conditions that reduce the SCCGR propensity, due to high temperature SCCGR retardation (HTR). Results showed a complex effect of sensitization. Sensitization enhances SCCGRs at temperatures less than ~250°C but enhances and extends the propensity for SCCGR retardation at higher temperature. The similarity between the SCCGR temperature functionality of sensitized and then cold worked and cold worked and then sensitized 304 SS suggests that chromium depletion, not the enhancement of deformation at grain boundaries due to carbides, controls this dependency. Specimen analytical characterization results and HTR mechanism implications are discussed.