AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'sensitization'

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07675 Sensitization of Laser-Etched Surfaces in Stainless Steel Surgical Tools

Product Number: 51300-07675-SG

ISBN: 07675 2007 CP

Author: Lorrie A. Krebs

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

Results here of an effort to identify a potentiodynamic means of inducing corrosion in laser-etched areas of stainless steel tools. The electrochemical technique should be able to distinguish between “good” and “bad” etches relatively quickly so that it may be used to help refine the laser etch process, and ultimately assist in quality assurance.

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51318-10588-Corrosion Resistance of Roll-Bonded Clad Plates for Oil & Gas Applications

Product Number: 51318-10588-SG

Author: Sandra Le Manchet / Bastien Chareyre / Cédric Chauvy / Sarata Cissé

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

This paper will be dedicated to the corrosion resistance of roll-bonded UNS N06625 and N08825 clad materials.

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51318-11243-Applicability of ASTM G28 testing

Product Number: 51318-11243-SG

Author: Briony Holmes

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

There appears to be a need for long-term service data for wrought and welded materials with grain boundary precipitation, which can then be compared with ASTM G28 or ASTM A262 data to provide confidence in utilizing such materials.

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Characterization And Further Development Of Austenitic Stainless Steel UNS S20910 Towards New Industrial Applications

Product Number: 51322-17648-SG

Author: Clara Herrera, Merlin Seifert, Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper, Julia Ditmann

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

UNS S20910¹, also known as XM-19 by ASTM A276², is a nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Besides nitrogen (N) it also contains higher amounts of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and a similar molybdenum (Mo) content compared with UNS S31603, as well as small additions of niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V). High contents of Cr, Mo and N confer this stainless steel high localized corrosion resistance. Mo, Mn and Cr increase the nitrogen solubility in iron alloys.

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Chemical Treatment To Mitigate Polythionic Acid SCC Without A Soda-Ash Wash: Laboratory And Plant Experience

Product Number: 51322-17993-SG

Author: B.C. Rollins, K.J. Evans, N. Sutton, J. Esteban

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Different refiners have a variety of procedures in place for hydroprocessing reactor and reactor system shutdowns, depending on the scope of the work to be performed during the downtime. If activities are to be performed inside the reactor (e.g. inspection, maintenance, catalyst changeout, etc.) such that the reactor must be opened to air, shutdowns must include steps to address the various hazards. These same steps must also be applied to associated process equipment related to the reactor system susceptible to similar hazards and damage mechanisms.

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Corrosion Performance Of Various Types Of Welded And Seamless Tubulars Of Ni-Mo And Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys In Standard Acids And Other Selected Environments

Product Number: 51322-17619-SG

Author: Ling Chen, Vinay Deodeshmukh, Rusty White, Kenneth Newlen

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys are vitally important materials in chemical processing, petrochemical, agrichemical and pharmaceutical industries. When aggressive process streams are involved, corrosion-resistant alloys are selected for applications such as heat exchangers, reactors, pressure vessels and/or other process equipment in various industry sectors.¹ The Ni-Mo alloys provide excellent resistance to reducing hydrochloric and sulfuric acids over large ranges of concentration and temperature. They also resist pure hydrobromic acid, hydrofluoric acid and other non-oxidizing halide salt solutions.

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Double-Loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation Test For Precipitation Hardened Nickel Alloy UNS N07725

Product Number: 51321-16793-SG

Author: Maria Sofia Hazarabedian; Katerina Lepkova; Zakaria Quadir; and Mariano Iannuzzi

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Precipitation hardened (PH) nickel alloy UNS N07725 used in oil and gas subsea service have experienced several brittle fractures linked to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). The alloy’s susceptibility to cracking was associated with the precipitation of a Cr- and Mo-rich phase at grain boundaries (GBs). Since the failed components were compliant with the current standards, developing a new quality control test capable of distinguish susceptible microstructures became a priority for the oil and gas industry.

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Failure Analysis of High Temperature Plate Heat Exchangers in Converter Section of Sulfuric Acid Regeneration [SAR] Unit

Product Number: 51323-19420-SG

Author: Sudharsanan Soundararajan

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

A Sulfuric Acid Alkylation [SAA] unit in a refinery converts olefins and butane to high octane alkylate using highly concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The function of this Sulfuric Acid Regeneration [SAR] unit is to regenerate spent sulfuric acid from alkylation process into clean sulfuric acid of 99.2% concentration, which is then recycled back into the SAA unit. The process of SAR can be classified in to following four steps:

• Formation of SO2 by the decomposition of Spent acid and combustion of H2S.
• Cooling and Purification of the SO2
• Conversion of SO2 to SO3
• Absorption of SO2 in H2SO4

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In-Situ Determination Of The Degree Of Sensitization In Austenitic Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51322-17805-SG

Author: Pablo M. Altamirano, Mariano A. Kappes, Martín A. Rodríguez

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in refineries and petrochemical industries due to their good combination of properties such as workability, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. However, one of the most important problems they show, and which can lead to failures in service, is the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC). When these materials are subjected to temperatures in the range from 500 ºC to 800 °C, the precipitation of chromium-rich carbides occurs preferentially at grain boundaries (GB).

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New Experiences With Explosion Clad Alloys UNS N06058 And UNS N06059

Product Number: 51322-17650-SG

Author: P. Hübner, H. Alves, O. Sarrat, R. Behrens, D. Niespodziany, J. König

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The alloys used as clad material for this study are members of the so-called “C-family”. It consists of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, which are known for combining the corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr alloys in oxidizing media with corrosion resistance of Ni-Mo alloys in reducing media. As a result, these materials have proven to be extremely durable in a wide range of highly aggressive media. The development of these materials started in the 1930s with Alloy C. This alloy showed remarkable corrosion resistance in a wide spread of media, low sensitivity for pitting or crevice corrosion and virtual immunity to chloride induced stress corrosion cracking.

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Nitrite-Based Oxidative Chemical Treatments for Polythionic Acid SCC Mitigation

Product Number: 51324-21145-SG

Author: Nathaniel Sutton; Sean Sears

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Reactive metal sulfides introduce safety and reliability risks to hydroprocessing (and other) refinery units during outages. Self-heating or pyrophoric catalysts are a concern, as is stress corrosion cracking of sensitized stainless-steel equipment open to air. A nitrite-based aqueous treatment has been developed and deployed in the field, which addresses both catalyst pyrophoricity and polythionic acid (PTA) SCC of equipment. This paper will present case studies where refineries have relied solely upon the nitrite-based oxidizing solution for PTASCC mitigation. Prior published laboratory testing of the nitrite-based oxidizing treatment used spray-applied iron sulfide (FeS) powder and moist air to produce a PTA environment. One limitation of that approach was that the porous nature of the surface does not adequately simulate a “real” FeS layer formed during years of exposure to high temperature sulfidizing processes. This paper presents additional test results on actively loaded bend specimens of ex-service 347H heater tube extracted from an operating diesel hydrotreater unit.

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Optimization of the DL-EPR Method for Detecting Sensitization in Alloy 690

Product Number: 51317--9037-SG

ISBN: 9037 2017 CP

Author: Mariano Kappes

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

UNS N06690 is one of the current choices for nuclear power plant steam generator tubing. The objective of this work was the optimization of the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) method for that alloy. Specimens were tested under different heat treatments.

Products tagged with 'sensitization'

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