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Over recent years there have been interesting developments in the way marine coatings and linings are specified that have unwittingly resulted in a situation that can make it challenging to meet a paint specification as currently written.
Over recent years there have been interesting developments in the way marine coatings and linings are specified that have unwittingly resulted in a situation that can make it challenging to meet a paint specification as currently written. Firstly, there has always been a challenge in meeting a paint specification because of the subjective nature of some of the inspection assessments such as a visual assessment of surface cleanliness, rust and mill scale removal, dust removal, etc. Secondly, up to 2008, the shipbuilding boom and the strong market for shipping had seen a considerable demand for ships and attractive charter rates had encouraged owners to accept new-build ships as quickly as possible. Now that market conditions have worsened, owners are more circumspect and have become more cautious about what is and what is not acceptable. As a result, standards have tightened. In addition, the advent of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Performance Standard for Protective Coatings (IMO PSPC) has seen an increased focus on protective coating for all areas of a vessel but specifically for ballast tanks. In particular, the PSPC introduced the concept of a minimum Dry Film Thickness based on the 90:10 rule. This paper focuses on examples of the problems being faced in meeting specified Dry Film Thickness (DFT), which is deemed the best understood and most objective element of application. The paper will show that even this most basic aspect of the paint specification is neither well understood nor well specified.
In the spring of 2014, a new SSPC-PA21 standard is scheduled to be published. Despite the fact that this is the second major revision in as many years, new technologies and techniques have been introduced since the 2014 standard was revised and sent to ballot. Some examples include a factory-calibrated coating thickness gauge with pre-defined surface profiles, as well as a scanning probe designed to be slid across a cured coating while taking readings in real time. When these new technologies are put into practice, dramatic improvements in overall inspection times and data accuracy can be seen.
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This paper discusses the revision of SSPC-PA 9, “Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness Using Ultrasonic Gages.” This standard describes procedures to measure the thickness of dry, homogeneous coatings applied to concrete, wood, wallboard, plastic, fiber and composite material using commercially available ultrasonic coating thickness gages.
Coating thickness is one of the most important parameters influencing durability of a protective coating system. As a general rule-of-thumb, the thicker the coating, the greater the protection. But is there any upper limit to this general rule? This paper looks at durability figures of common protective coating systems for atmospheric and immersion exposure as a function of dry film thickness.