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Offshore assets such as drilling rigs, production platforms, and wind turbines present challenges for corrosion prevention maintenance. The primary defense against atmospheric corrosion on structural steel in offshore saltwater environments is a protective coating system.
Several factors cause protective coatings to degrade rapidly: besides wearing and damage encountered in installation and use, ultraviolet light breaks down the organic resins and corrosive seawater causes under creep at any breaks in the coating. Maintenance coating for offshore atmospheric systems can therefore be necessary as early as the second year.
A team assembled by a major oil company designed a test program to assess the difference in coating performance between dry abrasive blasting and Waterjetting as surface preparation methods. They were also interested in determining whether using flash rust preventing, decontamination chemical in conjunction with various applications had any effect on coating performance. A glass flake epoxy was used. Panels were treated with 262 MPa (38,000 PSI) Waterjetting, Dry Garnet Blast + Power wash, in both cases with and without a decontamination chemical. Another set of panels was sprayed with ASTM D11413 seawater salt spray after treatment and then coated.
The 300 mm X 600 mm coated panels were saw cut into smaller panels. Some were subjected to per ISO 203401 Ageing Procedure Annex A and ISO 2812-25 Seawater Immersion. Others were submitted to ASTM G 504 long-term field exposure test over 5 years. In both cases, when the decontamination chemical was used, no significant difference in coating performance was detected, including in panels exposed to light seawater mist spray before coating application. The scribed waterjetted panels exhibited more undercreep than abrasive blasted panels, but this undercreep only began to develop after two years.
Proper surface preparation to create sufficient adhesion of a coating over the substrate is fundamentally important in the long-life performance of a protective coating. Abrasive blast cleaning provides a fast and well-established method of surface preparation, which utilizes energy generated by an air supply to deliver a mass of abrasive particles at certain speeds and volumes to impact the steel resulting in a cleaned surface. The method not only cleans the surface to remove rust, scale, paint, and similar contaminations, but also roughens the surface to produce mechanical and chemical adhesion for a coating. Therefore, abrasive blasting is the preferred method for preparing steel for the application of high-performance coatings and routinely used for achieving the required surface conditions prior to a coating work.
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The drive towards renewable energy, requirement for reduction in fossil fuel consumption and emission of carbon dioxide has received substantial attention from governments and researchers worldwide during the last few decades [1]. The exploration of renewable sources of energy has been grouped into wind, geothermal, tidal and solar energy. Solar energy has shown great promise due to the abundant amount of energy reaching the Earth [2, 3]. Electricity generation from solar irradiation can be achieved by photovoltaic (PV) and photothermal conversion [4].
High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels are preferred for oil and gas pipelines due to their outstanding mechanical properties. Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) has been a major problem for the application of HSLA carbon steel because of the wet H2S environment which commonly presents in oil and gas industry. Several techniques are applied to the study of SSC of steels, including constant load test with smooth specimens and DCB testing.