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To maintain strict environmental conditions, tanks are dehumidified during the surface preparation, coating application and curing. A practical approach, detailed project calculations, practical field problems & their solutions and on-site implementation of dehumidification of huge crude storage tanks is described in this paper.
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The presentation reviews the utilization of color analyses for the assessment and rating of rust, whereas particular attention is spent to flash rusting. The background of flash rust formation is discussed first, along with a brief review about the composition of flash rust. The fundamentals of the HSV color model, which is selected as a simple suitable model, are introduced. Finally, the author discusses the utilization of the suggested approach for the evaluation of steel substrate cleanliness and flash rust assessment.
In metalworking processes, contaminants can interfere with future processing steps and may accelerate corrosion on metal parts. As such, a cleaning step is often implemented prior to coating or packaging finished parts. Industrial cleaners are typically water-based with blends of surfactants, co-solvents, chelating agents, and/or flash rust inhibitors. While accelerated corrosion tests such as humidity and salt fog exist, they are typically too aggressive for the evaluation of flash rust inhibitors in cleaners which are not meant to provide long-term corrosion protection. There is a need in the industry for a quick and reliable way to select a cleaner that meets the needs of the application and is compatible with the overall process. A screening method to compare the flash rust protection ability of various water-based cleaners was investigated. Modified vapor inhibiting ability (VIA) testing and linear polarization resistance (LPR) tests were performed on carbon steel plugs treated with several cleaners. Industry standards currently recommend that any detergent or cleaner be removed from metal surfaces prior to applying coatings. When evaluating cleaning processes where coatings will be subsequently applied, adhesion testing should be paired with the screening test. The effects of various cleaners on adhesion of a waterborne acrylic coating were investigated.
High pressure (HP) and ultra-high pressure (UHP) waterjetting for coating removal and surface preparation has several advantages compared to the industry standard abrasive grit blasting process. However, a major drawback of waterjetting is subsequent flash rusting of the steel surface. The color of the flash rust is typically orange, red, or brown of various shades depending on the color of the underlying steel, the nature of the surrounding environment, and the duration of exposure to the environment.
All ships need periodic maintenance, either onboard a FPSO, in a water ballast tank or a hull side of a marine vessel. When preparing for maintenance of such structures it has been standard practice to sandblast the surface. Sandblasting creates superb surfaces for coating application with ultimate cleanliness, but due to the dust generated by the process it is facing more local restrictions due to environmental impact and HSE.
Recent US Navy and NSRP projects have explored alternative inspection techniques for evaluating flash rust on waterjetted surfaces. This paper will summarize investigations into new inspection techniques which have been performed over the past few years.
Esta norma conjunta da SSPC/NACE define o processo de preparação de uma superfície de aço-carbono ao grau de metal branco de limpeza superficial usando um método de jateamento abrasivo úmido (WAB) de limpeza. Esta norma destina-se ao uso por especificadores, aplicadores e inspetores de revestimentos ou outros cuja responsabilidade seja definir um grau padrão de limpeza superficial para superfícies de aço-carbono a ser alcançada por limpeza por jateamento abrasivo úmido.
A limpeza WAB é um processo que usa uma mistura de água e abrasivo que pode produzir diversos níveis de limpeza e perfil (aspereza) superficial similar aqueles obtidos por limpeza por jateamento abrasivo seco (DAB). A limpeza WAB pode ser especificada quando se deseja supressão de pó, e também pode ser um meio de reduzir a contaminação por sais solúveis. O nível de limpeza WAB especificado deve ser o mesmo que o grau de limpeza especificado correspondente para o processo de limpeza DAB.
Asset owners, engineers, consultants, coating contractors, inspectors, and others are specifying allowable levels of surface soluble salts to prevent premature coating failures. The purpose of this standard is to provide guidance about the number of and locations for soluble salt tests on steel surfaces.
This standard establishes siting and frequency requirements for soluble salt testing before the application of a subsequent coating system to previously coated substrates and replacement substrate material. It does not include allowable limits of soluble salts, which are typically addressed by the procurement documents or the coating manufacturer’s documentation.
This paper investigates a key concern with Ultra High Pressure Waterjetting (UHPWJ) surface preparation – the impact of “flash rusting” on coating life. Flash rusting can occur under certain environmental conditions when the steel is left sufficiently wet following UHPWJ. Reducing or eliminating flash rusting can increase the cost of surface preparation. However, flash rust’s impact on coating life is debated.
This standard, SSPC-SP 14 (WAB)/NACE WAB-8, defines the "Industrial" level of surface cleanliness for wet abrasive methods. Other levels in overview below.