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Structure And Related Effectiveness Of Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Inhibitors

Structure and Related Effectiveness of Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Inhibitors
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Opportunity crudes are generally defined as petroleum crudes bearing a high level of sulfur, metals, or total acid number (TAN).  These crudes are typically offered at a discounted value.  Thus, refining such crudes carries with it a lucrative incentive.  However, due to the above-mentioned characteristics, processing such crudes presents numerous operational challenges as well, such as naphthenic acid corrosion, which is commonly associated with the high TAN content in these crudes.  In refinery units such as the crude distillation tower, these carboxylic acids react with the iron atoms of the metal surfaces to produce oil soluble iron carboxylates.1,2  The continued formation of such complexes would then erode the metal surface.  Equipment failure due to such corrosion results in shutting down a large segment or the entire refinery.  Therefore, establishing a means for mitigating this type of corrosion is paramount for processing crude oils with an elevated TAN due to naphthenic acids. 

Product Number: 51322-18157-SG
Author: Oussama Zenasni, Maria D Marquez, Philip Thornthwaite, John N. Scholz
Publication Date: 2022
$0.00
$20.00
$20.00

Petroleum refineries often encounter naphthenic acid corrosion when processing opportunity crudes with a high total acid number (TAN).  The formation of oil soluble iron carboxylates in refinery units operating at high temperature regimes (200 °C to 400 °C) with corresponding high fluid velocities, can lead to high rates of corrosion where susceptible metallurgies are used in the affected zones.

To mitigate naphthenic acid corrosion, the application of chemical additives (i.e., corrosion inhibitors) can be implemented.  The type of inhibitor traditionally used to mitigate this type of corrosion are largely composed of phosphorus-based compounds.  However, P-based inhibitors have come under scrutiny due to their potential impact on refinery process units.  Consequently, a variety of new inhibitors, where the amount of phosphorus has been reduced or eliminated have been developed to mitigate naphthenic acid corrosion. 

Petroleum refineries often encounter naphthenic acid corrosion when processing opportunity crudes with a high total acid number (TAN).  The formation of oil soluble iron carboxylates in refinery units operating at high temperature regimes (200 °C to 400 °C) with corresponding high fluid velocities, can lead to high rates of corrosion where susceptible metallurgies are used in the affected zones.

To mitigate naphthenic acid corrosion, the application of chemical additives (i.e., corrosion inhibitors) can be implemented.  The type of inhibitor traditionally used to mitigate this type of corrosion are largely composed of phosphorus-based compounds.  However, P-based inhibitors have come under scrutiny due to their potential impact on refinery process units.  Consequently, a variety of new inhibitors, where the amount of phosphorus has been reduced or eliminated have been developed to mitigate naphthenic acid corrosion. 

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Stress relaxation cracking (SRC) is a failure mechanism known to occur in austenitic stainless steels and nickel alloys operating at moderate to high temperatures.   

Typically, SRC failures tend to occur under the following conditions: 1-6  1. Susceptible material: 800H, 347H, 617, etc. (typically materials with low creep ductility)  2. High residual stresses: Hardness > 200 HV (welded thick section) 3. Specific temperature range: usually between 500 °C (932 °F) and 750 °C (1382 °F). 

Under these conditions, component stresses are relieved by time dependent inelastic deformation.3 In susceptible materials, this process occurs by intergranular cracking and is essentially a creep mechanism.2-6 In this respect, materials with low creep ductility tend to be prone to this type of damage mechanism. On the other hand, materials that have good creep ductility can tolerate the inelastic strains due to relaxation without cracking.3 
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