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51313-02547-Scoping Study of Effect of Salts in Noncoastal Particulate Matter on SCC of Type 304 Stainless Steel

Picture for Scoping Study of Effect of Salts in Noncoastal Particulate Matter on SCC of Type 304 Stainless Steel
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Product Number: 51313-02547-SG
ISBN: 02547 2013 CP
Author: Xihua He
Publication Date: 2013
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Effect of Salts in Non-Coastal Particulate Matter on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel


Xihua He1 Roberto Pabalan1 Todd Mintz1 Greg Oberson2 Darrell Dunn2 and Tae Ahn2

1Southwest Research Institute®
6220 Culebra Road
San Antonio Texas 78238
xhe@swri.org
(210) 522-5194

2U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
11555 Rockville Pike
Rockville Maryland 20852


ABSTRACT

Some nuclear power plants operating in the United States store spent nuclear fuel onsite in dry cask storage systems. Most dry storage systems have canisters fabricated from type 304 304L or 316L austenitic stainless steel. The canister is typically in concrete vault or overpack vented to the environment so the canister is exposed to ambient atmospheric conditions including airborne particulates. In coastal environments the atmospheric particulate matter will likely contain sea salt and other chloride-bearing salts the deliquescence of which could lead to the formation of brines that make the canister susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. Limited information however is available on the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of austenitic stainless steels in non-coastal environments where ammonium nitrate sulfate and bisulfate are thought to be the predominant salts present in atmospheric particulate matter.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of type 304 stainless steel exposed to ammonium nitrate sulfate and bisulfate salts representing non coastal airborne particulates. The tests were conducted in two phases (i) deliquescence measurements identify environmental conditions of interest and (ii) stress corrosion cracking tests. Under Phase 1 the deliquescence measurements were conducted at 35 45 and 60 °C over a range of relative humidity values in a controlled temperature/relative humidity chamber. The measurements were done with ammonium bisulfate ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate pure salts and three ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate mixtures with mole ratios of 0.5 1.0 and 3.0. The three mixtures were used to represent variation of salt composition with geographic location in the United States. Under Phase 2 the salts were deposited on type 304 stainless steel U-bend specimens which were then placed in a controlled temperature/relative humidity chamber to determine stress corrosion cracking susceptibility. The stress corrosion cracking tests were conducted at the following conditions: (i) 35 °C and 72 percent relative humidity and (ii) 45 °C and 44 percent relative humidity. In addition electrochemical tests were conducted to understand the corrosion behavior of the material in concentrated ammonium nitrate sulfate and bisulfate solutions.
 

Effect of Salts in Non-Coastal Particulate Matter on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel


Xihua He1 Roberto Pabalan1 Todd Mintz1 Greg Oberson2 Darrell Dunn2 and Tae Ahn2

1Southwest Research Institute®
6220 Culebra Road
San Antonio Texas 78238
xhe@swri.org
(210) 522-5194

2U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
11555 Rockville Pike
Rockville Maryland 20852


ABSTRACT

Some nuclear power plants operating in the United States store spent nuclear fuel onsite in dry cask storage systems. Most dry storage systems have canisters fabricated from type 304 304L or 316L austenitic stainless steel. The canister is typically in concrete vault or overpack vented to the environment so the canister is exposed to ambient atmospheric conditions including airborne particulates. In coastal environments the atmospheric particulate matter will likely contain sea salt and other chloride-bearing salts the deliquescence of which could lead to the formation of brines that make the canister susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. Limited information however is available on the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of austenitic stainless steels in non-coastal environments where ammonium nitrate sulfate and bisulfate are thought to be the predominant salts present in atmospheric particulate matter.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of type 304 stainless steel exposed to ammonium nitrate sulfate and bisulfate salts representing non coastal airborne particulates. The tests were conducted in two phases (i) deliquescence measurements identify environmental conditions of interest and (ii) stress corrosion cracking tests. Under Phase 1 the deliquescence measurements were conducted at 35 45 and 60 °C over a range of relative humidity values in a controlled temperature/relative humidity chamber. The measurements were done with ammonium bisulfate ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate pure salts and three ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate mixtures with mole ratios of 0.5 1.0 and 3.0. The three mixtures were used to represent variation of salt composition with geographic location in the United States. Under Phase 2 the salts were deposited on type 304 stainless steel U-bend specimens which were then placed in a controlled temperature/relative humidity chamber to determine stress corrosion cracking susceptibility. The stress corrosion cracking tests were conducted at the following conditions: (i) 35 °C and 72 percent relative humidity and (ii) 45 °C and 44 percent relative humidity. In addition electrochemical tests were conducted to understand the corrosion behavior of the material in concentrated ammonium nitrate sulfate and bisulfate solutions.
 

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