Server maintenance is scheduled for Saturday, December 21st between 6am-10am CST.

During that time, parts of our website will be affected until maintenance is completed. Thank you for your patience.

Menu
Search
Filters
Close
Menu

Retention Improvement Of Sulfonic Acid Based Scale Inhibitor On Sandstone Formations At HTHP Conditions

etention Improvement Of Sulfonic Acid Based Scale Inhibitor On Sandstone Formations At HTHP Conditions
Available for download

Oilfield waters have a complex composition depending on reservoir rock at different geographical locations that can be carried into the production water1. The alteration in environmental conditions such as pressure, temperature, salt content or pH can cause the liquid to oversaturate and the contained ions to form complexes. These will precipitate out of the solution, deposit and grow on contacting surfaces such as reservoirs, upstream production tubing, sub-surface safety valves, water injection lines to top side refining equipment namely heat exchangers and transport lines 2–4. Scaling can also be induced by incompatible mixing of fluids. For example CaCO3 and /or BaSO4  form through typical mixing of SO4 2- containing sea water with the formation water that carries high concentrations of divalent cations such as Ca2+and Ba2+2. Similarly, sulfide scales form upon mixing with H2S-containing  formation water enriched with Fe, Zn or Pb ions 5. ZnS and PbS have been observed to form in presence of only 25 ppm H2S at gulf of Mexico containing 50 ppm Zn and 5 ppm Pb , due to their low solubility constant Ksp 6,7.  

Product Number: 51322-17875-SG
Author: Yasmin Hayatgheib, Salima Baraka-Lokmane, Thibaut Charpentier, Wassim Taleb, Paul Thornton, John-Richard Ordonez-Varela, Richard Barker, Wassim Taleb, Anne Neville
Publication Date: 2022
Industry: Science of Corrosion
$0.00
$20.00
$20.00

Recent environmental legislation has pushed many fields especially the Netherlands and UK continentals to phase out phosphorous based scale inhibitors (SI). However, remaining chemistries have mostly shown low tolerance to high salinity formation water (HS) or poor retention properties on the sandstone reservoir, rendering them unsuitable candidates for squeeze treatment. On the other hand, the high temperatures and pressures (HTHP) gas condensate wells require thermostable and compatible SI with HS that could suppress the full range of forming scales including: barium sulfate, calcium carbonate (BaSO4/ CaCO3), mixed zinc, lead and iron sulfide (ZnS/PbS/FeS). 

This work presents a thermally stable sulfonic acid base structure (phosphorous free) SI that provides adequate affinity to sandstone rock for squeeze treatment purposes up to 385°C. The designed inhibitor has high performance in HTHP conditions and is completely compatible with HS (200 g/L salinity), as well as high levels of calcium (20 g/L) and barium (3 g/L). At minimum concentration of 5 mg/L, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray results reveal disrupted sulfide scales and BaSO4 crystal growth and no traces of CaCO3 crystals. The adsorption isotherm analysis on sandstone, indicates pure adsorption for [SI] <100 mg/L and combined precipitation/adsorption behaviour for 100 mg/L< [SI] <1000 mg/L.  

Recent environmental legislation has pushed many fields especially the Netherlands and UK continentals to phase out phosphorous based scale inhibitors (SI). However, remaining chemistries have mostly shown low tolerance to high salinity formation water (HS) or poor retention properties on the sandstone reservoir, rendering them unsuitable candidates for squeeze treatment. On the other hand, the high temperatures and pressures (HTHP) gas condensate wells require thermostable and compatible SI with HS that could suppress the full range of forming scales including: barium sulfate, calcium carbonate (BaSO4/ CaCO3), mixed zinc, lead and iron sulfide (ZnS/PbS/FeS). 

This work presents a thermally stable sulfonic acid base structure (phosphorous free) SI that provides adequate affinity to sandstone rock for squeeze treatment purposes up to 385°C. The designed inhibitor has high performance in HTHP conditions and is completely compatible with HS (200 g/L salinity), as well as high levels of calcium (20 g/L) and barium (3 g/L). At minimum concentration of 5 mg/L, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray results reveal disrupted sulfide scales and BaSO4 crystal growth and no traces of CaCO3 crystals. The adsorption isotherm analysis on sandstone, indicates pure adsorption for [SI] <100 mg/L and combined precipitation/adsorption behaviour for 100 mg/L< [SI] <1000 mg/L.  

Product tags
Also Purchased
Picture for Recent Advances On The Influence Of Microstructural Characteristics On Corrosion Resistance In H2SO4 Of Anodized Titanium
Available for download

Recent Advances On The Influence Of Microstructural Characteristics On Corrosion Resistance In H2SO4 Of Anodized Titanium

Product Number: 51322-17589-SG
Author: Luca Casanova, MariaPia Pedeferri, Gianluigi A. Botton, Marco Ormellese
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Industrial usage of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) has grown consistently in recent years, thanks to the improved characteristics imparted to the oxide film in terms of surface adhesion, hardness, crystallinity, uniformity, and corrosion resistance. The metallic substrate is not subjected to elevated temperature and the overall equipment complexity is relatively simple, making the technique a good candidate for surface functionalization. In PEO treatments, high voltages are employed (~ 150-750 V 1) allowing for the formation of an insulating, or at least semiconductive, oxide layer that’s limits ion transport responsible for the initial coating growth. Beyond the spark voltage (prerequisite the enter the PEO regime) oxidation does not occur only as the result of a continuous flow of ions but rather it takes place after the cooling of a plasma discharge.
Picture for Refinement Of Citric Acid Passivation Methods And Comparison To Traditional Nitric Acid Based Chemistries
Available for download

Refinement Of Citric Acid Passivation Methods And Comparison To Traditional Nitric Acid Based Chemistries

Product Number: 51322-17628-SG
Author: David G. Enos, Derek Wichhart
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Traditional solutions for the chemical passivation of stainless steel are nitric acid based, with the addition of sodium dichromate as an inhibitor for precipitation hardened and free machining stainless steels. These passivation chemistries are difficult to handle from an environmental health and safety point of view, particularly the dichromate inhibited versions. Citric acid passivation has been pursued as a replacement for both nitric acid and inhibited nitric acid based chemistries for many years, and has been incorporated into consensus specifications such as ASTM A967 and SAE AMS2700.
Picture for Predictive Coating Condition Model For Coating Lifetime Under Environmental Stressors
Available for download

Predictive Coating Condition Model For Coating Lifetime Under Environmental Stressors

Product Number: 51322-17685-SG
Author: Victoria Avance, Brandi Clark, Liam Agnew, Fritz Friedersdorf
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

The corrosion of aircraft costs the U.S. Department of Defense billions of dollars annually and accounts for a significant portion of maintenance time and costs.1 Coatings are the most effective way to protect aircraft, but they have a finite lifetime and must be maintained or replaced before the underlying substrate is damaged by corrosion. Current aircraft maintenance practices call for coating inspections and maintenance based on elapsed time and not on measurements of coating health. Coating lifetime varies depending on the environmental stressors experienced in service, including temperature, humidity, and salt loading.
Categories
Industry
Recently viewed
Popular tags
View all

Association for Materials Protection and Performance

© AMPP All Rights Reserved.
Membership Terms of Content Use
Contact Customer Support