Server maintenance is scheduled for Saturday, December 21st between 6am-10am CST.
During that time, parts of our website will be affected until maintenance is completed. Thank you for your patience.
Use GIVING24 at checkout to save 20% on eCourses and books (some exclusions apply)!
A corrosion investigation performed in 2018 on an NPS 6, approximately 4 km long, polyethylene coated pipeline determined that the accelerated corrosion anomalies detected during in-line inspections (ILI) were due to AC corrosion. The AC and DC current densities on the AC coupons adjacent to these anomalies were above the limits recommended in NACE SP21424. It was also determined that the line was cathodically over-protected, and that most of the AC voltage measured on the line was due to 120 Hz AC ripple from a foreign rectifier.
We are unable to complete this action. Please try again at a later time.
If this error continues to occur, please contact AMPP Customer Support for assistance.
Error Message:
Please login to use Standards Credits*
* AMPP Members receive Standards Credits in order to redeem eligible Standards and Reports in the Store
You are not a Member.
AMPP Members enjoy many benefits, including Standards Credits which can be used to redeem eligible Standards and Reports in the Store.
You can visit the Membership Page to learn about the benefits of membership.
You have previously purchased this item.
Go to Downloadable Products in your AMPP Store profile to find this item.
You do not have sufficient Standards Credits to claim this item.
Click on 'ADD TO CART' to purchase this item.
Your Standards Credit(s)
1
Remaining Credits
0
Please review your transaction.
Click on 'REDEEM' to use your Standards Credits to claim this item.
You have successfully redeemed:
Go to Downloadable Products in your AMPP Store Profile to find and download this item.
Everyone wants a quality project; the word quality means different things to different people. Owners have unique perspectives on quality and risk tolerance which often differs across industries. The owner of a trash recycling center looking to paint the walls of his loading dock has a different perspective than the owner of a nuclear power plant, looking at the coating systems applied on the interior of his primary containment walls.
Cathodic protection (CP) is used to prevent external corrosion on underground pipelines. The effectiveness of CP is commonly evaluated by measuring the DC potential (voltage) of the pipeline with respect to a reference electrode located on the surface of the earth above the pipeline. Criteria used to interpret pipeline potential measurements are given by Section 6 of NACE SP-0169-2013 “Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems.
When a metal or metal alloy is immersed in an electrolyte made of a conducting material of sufficient oxidizing power, such as moist soil, it will corrode according to a well-defined electrochemical mechanism. dc corrosion is a result of dissolution of material due to oxidizing reactions, liberating electrons and forming positive ions transported into the electrolyte, leading to material loss. The current-potential relationship governing this electrochemical process termed polarization, is non-linear. This relationship is often represented by a polarization curve, which is typically, an experimentally determined function. There are a number of parameters that can contribute to the final characteristics of the polarization curve within a system ranging from material parameters (e.g. material, geometry) to environmental factors (e.g. composition of the electrolyte).
The UNSS31603 stainless steel (316-L SS) is one of the most used austenitic alloys in the industry for its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The 316-L SS is mainly fabricated by conventional methods such as casting, rolling and forging. However, in recent years the investigation and production of the 316-L SS through additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have seen a sharp increase.
To categorize the level of corrosion internally in uncoated offshore wind turbine structures a combinationof different online monitoring systems has successfully been utilized combining findings from onlinecorrosion monitoring, continuous water level monitoring and online water quality monitoring.
At the time of a recent maintenance shutdown, cracking was discovered in the repads and parent material in the vicinity of several nozzles along the bottom of two in-situ production treater vessels. Some of the cracks were reported to be through-wall. The vessels were commissioned in 2009 and had been in service for about 13 years before the cracks manifested as through-wall.
Corrosion is defined as the degradation of a material or its properties due to a reaction with the environment and is one of the most common pipeline integrity threats for operators. External corrosion may be visually inspected during excavation; however, due to accessibility, additional non-destructive examination (NDE) methods must be utilized to identify the presence and severity of internal corrosion.
Understanding the chemistry and electrical properties of how corrosion occurs aids in mitigating the presence of corrosion, specifically internal corrosion.
The Permian Basin is an oil-and-gas-producing area located in West Texas and the adjoining area of southeastern New Mexico. The Permian Basin covers an area approximately 250 miles wide and 300 miles long and is composed of more than 7,000 fields (best represented in Railroad Commission of Texas production figures as districts 7C, 08, and 8A) in West Texas.1 The greater Permian Basin accounts for nearly 40 percent of all oil production in the United States and nearly 15 percent of its natural gas production.
Despite rapid development of electricity generation from wind compared to other renewable power sources in recent years, much greater efforts are still required to achieve the current level of sustained capacity growth to get on track with the Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2050 Scenario. One of the main challenges remains around the sustainability and cost reduction efforts for the offshore wind sector, especially related to operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. Monopiles, the most common foundation type in offshore wind farms, just like any other submerged metal structures are susceptible to corrosion, the maintenance of which could be very costly.
Corrosion prevention of the inside of a monopile structure has been challenging until today.
Nowadays, several engineering fields focus their attention on the use of hybrid structures. In particular, the combination of traditional materials like steel or metal alloys together with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials have received growing attention.1 The demand of strong light weight structures is growing stronger, especially in the transportation industry due to the need for a high strength to weight ratio as required for better performance, safety, and environmental concern. This has become an important challenge with the increase in demand due to the requirement for high strength and lightweight materials.
Biomass, as a renewable energy source, can be converted into bio-oil (BO) via thermochemical conversion pathways. Among them, fast pyrolysis is the most common and the only industrially applied approach to convert dry biomass into BO. There are many advantages of using BO to replace traditional fossil fuels. For example, the amount of CO2 generated from biofuel combustion is close to that absorbed in raw biomass growth, leading to a net-zero carbon emission from energy production. BO combustion generates lower emissions of SOx and NOx compared to conventional fossil fuels.