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Vital work is being carried out across engineering to ensure the net-zero commitments as laid out in the Paris agreement are met. Due to increased government investment, carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) has become key to achieving these commitments, with some industries only able to decarbonise through CCUS, such as concrete or fertiliser production. Carbon capture has also moved away from vertically integrated systems, with single emitters having dedicated downstream transport and storage sites, to larger systems gathering CO2 with a shared transport and storage infrastructure.
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Corrosion inhibitors (CI) are typically evaluated using either short-term electrochemical methods or long-term weight loss methods in laboratory set up. Although electrochemical methods provide fast and real-time corrosion information, corrosion subject matter experts, in general, rely on long term weight loss methods to determine localized corrosion information. These long-term methods include exposure of the metal coupon in a corrosive media under specific field conditions/parameters such as temperature, pressure, wall shear stress, corrosive gas species and test length in the presence of corrosion inhibitor active(s).
Oil and Gas operators require a robust Corrosion Management Strategy (CMS) to maintain asset integrity. Corrosion threats and barrier management are essential components of CMS. Corrosion threats are identified during the design, construction, operation and decommissioning phases, and mitigations are implemented to achieve a complete operating design life cycle. To monitor the effectiveness of mitigations, it is critical to establish corrosion barrier management (CBM).
The pipeline industry has widely used integrity principles to manage time-dependent and time-independent threats. The detection of time-dependent threats such as corrosion has been accomplished by using inline inspection tool technologies such as ultrasonic and magnetic flux leak inspection tools. However, most facility piping assets can not easily be inspected using in-line inspection methods and must instead be assessed using data collected from operations, such as flow frequency, product type, Cathodic protection record, or Direct Assessment Methods using Non Destructive Testing such as ultrasonic measurements or monitoring of corrosion coupons.
Remote monitoring of corrosion and cathodic protection using various methods have matured for decades with the onshore pipeline industry. With increasing activity offshore, and the highly corrosive and inaccessible environment taken into consideration, it is only natural that remote monitoring technology will find its way into this field. Offshore structures of steel are protected against corrosion with protective coatings and/or cathodic protection.
Sample preparation is the fundamental step of any analytical procedure, which involves cleaning the sample matrix and transporting the target analytes to a more suitable matrix for instrumental analyses. This is a very critical step because it leads to achieving a better detection limits as compared of not having this step.
Soil-side corrosion of the bottom plates of aboveground storage tanks is one of the main reasons for the tank bottom failures. Literature data and experimental work have shown that soil-side corrosion rates could reach as high as 50-100 mpy, indicating that soil-side corrosion could cause the tank-bottom failure in relative short periods, i.e., less than five years after initial installation or repairs. In addition, a recent study has shown that cathodic protection (CP) systems’ effectiveness could be questionable in up to 40 percent of the tanks.
Additively Manufactured Alloy UNS N07718 (AM 718) has been increasingly adopted for components in oilfield applications. AM 718 fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has demonstrated not only excellent mechanical performance, but also promising capabilities in critical services such as sour or hydrogen-generating conditions. In oilfield applications, it is generally felt that AM 718 should comply with API standard 20S4, and align with the requirements for wrought 718 in API 6ACRA.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a transformative technology that has opened areas of design space that were previously inaccessible by enabling the production of complex, three-dimensional parts and intricate geometries that were impractical to produce via traditional manufacturing methods. However, the extreme thermo-mechanical conditions in the AM build process (e.g., cooling rates ranging from 103 K/sto 106 K/s and repeated heating/cooling cycles) generate deleterious microstructures with high residual stresses, and extreme compositional gradients.
The work here is the culmination of many years of prior effort in the development of an atmospheric corrosion model and accompanying sensors. Atmospheric corrosion is a complicated process where many factors interact to determine if it occurs and its severity. These factors can be separated intothree general categories: environmental, surface salts, and materials.
This production asset located in the deep-water offshore Brazil, producing heavy oil in the range of 16 to 24 oAPI. Mudline caisson separators with electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are used to process fluids from multiple wells and boost them to the receiving floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel(1). There are significant flow-assurance and corrosion challenges in operating the asset. One of the challenges is the production fields have limited subsea umbilical, necessitate the use ofmultifunctional products to maintain the field’s integrity and mitigate any flow assurance and scale issues.
Although organic corrosion inhibitors have been widely applied in the energy industry, many details regarding their protection mechanism remain unknown. For example, a corrosion inhibitor adsorbs on the clean steel/aqueous solution interface, driven by electrostatic interaction. With the corrosion productlayer formed, how would the inhibitor adsorption interact with the corrosion product nucleation and precipitation? What is the effect of pre-corrosion in inhibitor testing?