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Erosion is one of the major threats of the pipeline integrity1 when it’s transporting liquid hydrocarbon products with solid particles. The erosion process decreases the effective wall thickness and therefore reduces the capacity of the pipeline to contain the pressured product. This can induce serious consequences including property, health and safety, environment, and business costs.
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This paper provides case histories from four (4) successful Cathodic Protection Current In-line Inspections (CPC-ILI). Details of the findings and actions taken by the clients are presented.
Cathodic protection (CP) is a well-established technique that effectively prevents corrosion of metals by adjusting the equilibrium potential of metallic structures in an electronegative direction. As the applied current increases, it reduces the anodic dissolution rate, thus leading to a decrease in the corrosion rate. The effectiveness of CP can be confirmed by measuring the protection potential values along the structures, ensuring the uniformity of the applied current, and observing the resultant potential distribution in the field.
Development of this strategy began after a steel pipeline, coated with Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE), was constructed in a collocated right-of-way (ROW) with a high voltage direct current (HVDC) Powerline. Area Cathodic Protection (CP) Technicians reported challenges in recording stable DC Pipe-to-Soil (P/S) Potentials due to rapid fluctuations observed in the DC waveform. In addition, CP technicians recorded DC line current concurrently with P/S potentials and found that there was a correlation between the two.
The pipeline industry strives to keep pipelines running safely and reliably. The process involves many steps, specialized groups, and decisions:1, 2, 3
1. The group that chooses the lines or segments to be inspected with in-line inspection (ILI). This work entails choosing the ILI tools for the anticipated integrity threat.
2. The ILI tool runs to detect and identify defects.
3. Maintenance, repair, and excavation digs.
4. The ILI validation.
5. Defect growth predictions and risk-based programs to establish maintenance and repair practices.
Inline cathodic protection current mapping is a unique method of assessing a pipeline’s cathodic protection. This is accomplished by measuring the actual current received by the pipeline continuously along the entire pipeline length. Unlike pipe to soil potentials, which can have a great deal of error in them due to forces often beyond our control, the CP mapping tool uses the physical properties of the pipe itself to measure the CP current. The pipe is a very stable part of the circuit, unlike the soil surrounding it.
Enbridge is proposing to develop a program that utilizes state-of-the-art technologies and proven inspection methods to prescribe interventions related to external corrosion mitigation using a predictive, integrated approach. This new program embraces complex problems by collecting, analyzing, and integrating environmental, pipeline integrity, and corrosion control data to predict external corrosion risk with sound engineering models (mechanistic, reliability and risk) to anticipate, prevent, and contain unexpected events.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Determining the appropriate assessment method for corrosion threats, as a part of a pipeline integrity process. Specifically intended for buried onshore pipelines constructed from ferrous materials.