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A research methodology has been employed to quantify the dynamic effects of anodic transients on CP and corrosion by means of an electrochemically integrated multi-electrode array, often referred to as the wire beam electrode (WBE).
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Subsea flowlines and risers experience fatigue cycles due to thermal and/or pressure transients or vortex induced vibration (VIV). Tests were performed under constant stress intensity factor (K) levels, in a mildly sour environment and in seawater under cathodic protection to understand the difference in the CRG.
This report assesses (1) the rate of corrosion of bare steel with and without cathodic protection, and (2) the effectiveness of various commercially avail able coating systems in preventing corrosion of steel piles in seawater. Eighteen coatings and four sacrificial anodes were tested on 24 sets (three piles per set) of ASTM A 36 or ASTM 690 steel H-piles exposed for 5 years at Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. Performance ratings were established for the following coatings: organic, organic over metal-filled, organic over metal filled with cathodic protection, metallic organic over metallic, and organic with cathodic protection. It is concluded that sacrificial anodes of zinc and aluminum effectively reduced the corrosion rate of bare carbon steel (ASTM 36) piles in the immersed zone from 0.076-0.102 mm/yr (3-4 mils/yr) to zero, and the coating performing best was coal tar epoxy over zinc-rich primer.
At present, there were ten common crossing modes in long-distance oil and gas pipelines[1,2]. There were six ways of tunneling, such as large excavation, horizontal directional drilling, shield tunnel, drilling and blasting tunnel, ramming pipe and pipe jacking. There were four ways of spanning methods, such as truss crossing, arch bridge crossing, suspension cable crossing and cable-stayed bridge crossing. Crossing by shield tunneling, as a pipeline laying method with high mechanization and automation, extensive applicable strata and high safety, has been widely used in recent years.
On an increasingly frequent basis, pipeline operators are using risk-based decision making to prioritize cross-company expenditures. Due to the long-term mitigation benefits of Cathodic Protection (CP), when planning external corrosion mitigation activities, pipeline operators typically prioritize mitigation of deeper anomalies for integrity expenditures due to their higher Probability of Failure (PoF). However, anomalies that are not receiving adequate CP or those experiencing electrical interference may remain unaddressed using this rationale. This paper presents both a qualitative and semi-quantitative approach to support the quantification of the risk reduction benefits gained from external corrosion prevention on pipelines. This can help in the efficient prioritization of both pro-active and re-active integrity repair activities. Supporting examples are also discussed to help explain the intended use of the methodology and the interpretation of the results.
Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) is one corrosion management approach adopted by the Port of Newcastle (PoN) for their reinforced concrete wharves. The Port’s West Basin 3 wharf, has ICCP systems installed to select substructure concrete elements (beams). The West Basin 3 ICCP system to the front beam soffit section was installed in 1998 (rear beam soffit sections having been protected from 2014). Other ICCP systems have also been installed by the PoN during the period 2002 to 2005 for the West Basin Wharf 4, East Basin (1 & 2) wharves and the Kooragang K2 wharf. This paper provides background to the different ICCP systems utilized and details performance results for the West Basin 3 front beam ICCP system dating back more than 20 years. Monitoring results are presented and discussed. Performance assessment to protection criteria is undertaken and the CP system maintenance requirements are summarized.
Two test methods for evaluating - to an expected lifetime criterion - embeddable anode materials (such as titanium (Ti) mesh) for cathodic protection (CP) of atmospherically exposed steel-reinforced concrete.
With the rapid development of the economy and acceleration of urban modernization, many high-speed railways and buried pipelines have been built in China. Due to the limitation of space or geographical location, high-speed railways are often constructed in parallel or crossing with long-distance pipelines in some locations. The interference of high-speed railways on pipelines is the result of inductive and conductive coupling, which brings about AC corrosion and other safety issues.
This paper discusses the corrosion mitigation strategy for protecting the submerged sections of a monopile wind turbine structure off the east coast of England in UK waters.
地下储罐系统采用阴极保护的腐蚀控制的推荐作法
Recommendations for controlling external corrosion on underground storage tank systems by cathodic protection. Bare/coated mild steel tanks. Metallic piping & connectors/components.
Wax coating systems are designed to provide underground pipes with protection against corrosive environments. This standard recommended practice covers surface preparation, material requirements, application, and handling of hot- and cold-applied wax and component wrappers and wax-tape coating systems for the protection of underground pipe, fittings, and valves. This standard is intended for use by corrosion control personnel, design engineers, project managers, purchasers, and construction engineers and managers.
Minimum physical quality and inspection standards for cast sacrificial anodes for offshore applications. Applicable to the majority of anodes used on fixed offshore structures. Historical Document 1990