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Production of oil and gas is well known to cause potential corrosion issues due to the CO2 content in the well stream. Carbon steel is widely used for production facilities as e.g. flowlines and manifolds, however, aging of the reservoir increases the number of corrosive agents, such as e.g. CO2, which are known to cause high corrosion rates in carbon steel. Therefore, carbon steel piping is often being replaced with super duplex stainless steel due to its high strength, excellent toughness and good corrosion resistance. Replacing carbon steel with super duplex has been conducted on several mature offshore oilfields in the European North Sea region.
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New inventions imply that these also should be implemented into relevant standards. Sometimes also minor modifications in the standard setup of the existing procedures are needed. For duplex stainless steels one of the most important aspects is if a correct final solution annealing has been performed giving the material proper properties.