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Due to failure of internal coatings in the high pressure and test separators on offshore production facilities, the option to install an internal cathodic protection system was considered.
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Aluminium alloy sacrificial anodes are often used to protect marine structures due to their high electrochemical properties. Anodes are often immersed in seawater when the tank is ballasted and dry with the tank empty. We study the properties of an Al-Zn-In-Cd alloy anode with cyclic immersion in seawater in the laboratory.
There is big initial and small mean current density for offshore platforms. Sometimes the former is twice of the latter. DNV-RP-B401 suggests minimizing anode size and density. NACE-RP-0176 recommends utilizing more anodes. This paper introduces a new method by wing section sacrificial anode with large surface area in the initial period.
The brake system is a core component of cars, motorbikes, bikes, airplanes etc.. Its main task is to modulate the speed of moving vehicles by converting the kinetic energy into heat.1,2 In the case of modern cars or motorbikes, the speed modulation can be performed by using the so-called disc-brake system.1,2,3,4,5,6 This generates the braking torque by forcing two brake pads against a disc by the means of a caliper.2,3,5,6 In the case of cars, the disc and the caliper are enclosed within each wheel and, as a consequence, can be exposed to corrosion phenomena, mostly related with atmospheric or environmental conditions.1,3,7,8
There have been several studies and publications over the past decade that clearly illustrate how initial assumptions about monopile interiors being perfectly sealed compartments were not correct in practice. Oxygen ingress through various points in the monopile contributes to persistent internal corrosion, and planned inspections are also opportunities to introduce fresh oxygen into the monopile. The replenishment of oxygen has been found to continue the corrosion reaction between the monopile wall and entrapped water.
This standard practice describes appropriate prevention and mitigation measures that can be applied to RC and PC structures that are, or can be, exposed to stray-currents from external sources in order to minimize or eliminate stray-current corrosion. This standard practice addresses only steel corrosion related issues, and does not deal with issues of safety and hazards to people or structures associated with DC and AC voltages; these are covered in national standards and regulations, such as EN 50443 and EN 50122-1.
This technical report presents state-of-the-art information on several commercially available galvanic cathodic protection/prevention systems for protecting atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete structures. The information contained in this report has been provided by key manufacturers of these systems and is intended as a technical resource for engineers responsible for the rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures. It may also be useful to owners, contractors, and other practitioners related to the field of galvanic cathodic protection (CP). All information related to galvanic CP is intended for atmospherically exposed concrete structures and may not be applicable to concrete containing epoxy-coated reinforcing steel, galvanized, or other coated or nonferrous reinforcement.