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This paper will discuss a significant project where various materials for Dual Laminate piping, both composite and metallic were thoroughly evaluated. The end result was selection in favor of a Dual Laminate pipiing system.
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Results here of an effort to identify a potentiodynamic means of inducing corrosion in laser-etched areas of stainless steel tools. The electrochemical technique should be able to distinguish between “good” and “bad” etches relatively quickly so that it may be used to help refine the laser etch process, and ultimately assist in quality assurance.
Investigating corrosion properties and electrochemical behavior of different grades of duplex stainless steels with varying chemical composition and microstructure in high pH caustic and sulfide containing caustic solutions at different temperatures.
Internal corrosion of pipelines associated with oil and gas production and refinery has always been a challenge for corrosion engineers. Over the past decades, corrosion engineers have made significant progress in developing mitigation approaches to protect these carbon steel pipelines by using corrosion inhibitors (CIs), corrosion resistant materials, and various cleaning techniques. Among all these mitigation strategies, corrosion inhibitors are considered as the first choice in handling the internal corrosion of pipelines.
Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) is the largest producer of water by its different water desalination plants distributed around the kingdom. Produced water is transmitted through underground pipelines. These pipelines are more than 8,000 KM in length and varying diameter from 8 thru 75 in.
Among the techniques disseminated in the industry to protect carbon steel pipelines against internal corrosion, the use of corrosion inhibitors (CIs) is one of the most common. Organic compounds containing nitrogen are commonly employed in the petroleum industry to decrease corrosion rates. The high inhibition efficiency can be attributed to adsorption capacity on the metallic surface, creating a protective film that interferes with the electrochemical reactions involved in the corrosion processes.
The application of corrosion inhibitors (CI) to producing oil and gas field systems is one of the most common practices of corrosion control. Acid stimulation fluids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and organic acids has high calcite and dolomite dissolving power; however, pumping HCl downhole during acid stimulation process particularly at elevated temperatures can cause severe corrosion. Therefore, the addition of corrosion inhibitors is indispensable to protect the metal from corrosion. More inhibitors that are efficacious are still needed to provide better protection against the corrosion. Two new bisquaternary ammonium salts; 1,4-Benzenedimethanaminium, N,N'-didodecyl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-, dichloride (CI-1) and 1,4-Benzenedimethanaminium, N,N'-dihexadecyl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-, dichloride (CI-2) as corrosion inhibitors were successfully synthesized, characterized and electrochemically evaluated for their corrosion inhibition efficiency in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution on API 5L X60 low carbon steel. Potentiodynamic polarization measurement revealed mixed type inhibition mechanisms of the synthesized inhibitors. Inhibition efficiency of CI-1 increase with increase in concentration 2.0 to 20.0 ppm while CI-2 efficiency does not go beyond 2 ppm. Adsorption isotherm of CI-1 was found to deviate from Langmuir isotherm due to its interaction on low carbon steel and the interaction was approximated by Temkin isotherm. Analysis of the adsorption of CI-1 on API 5L X60 involve both physisorption and chemisorption.