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Several experiences with the use of titanium heat exchangers in refining processes are summarized. These involve distillation column overhead condensers in atmospheric crude distilling units, fluid catalytic cracking units, delayed coking units, and sour water strippers. The causes of problems are discussed. Needs for additional data are highlighted.
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Corrosion under Insulation (CUI) and External Corrosion continue to be a major issue for Petrochemical facilities. Refineries have been investing in a CUI and External Corrosion inspection program. This paper details the methodology for addressing this damage and lessons learned throughout the implementation.
Experimental results and findings from a joint industry program entitled “Prediction and Assessment of Corrosion in Amine Solvents” conducted over the period from March 2003 to May 2007. An overview of experimental methods, observed results and trends, as well as comparison of predicted corrosion rates to refinery field data.
Case study: A leak occurred in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit main fractionator overhead line elbow in June 2006. Following this leak, investigations showed acidic corrosion-erosion in the overhead circuit. This type of corrosion was unexpected in this circuit.
This AMPP standard defines standard practices for new carbon steel (CS) pressure vessels to be used in petroleum refining wet hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-containing environments, with the recommended steps for resisting the damage mechanisms listed below. It covers materials, welding, testing, and other fabrication requirements. It is intended to be used by refiners, equipment fabricators, engineering contractors, and construction contractors.
The problem of nonextractable chlorides on refinery equipment and lessons learned. A resource for refining, production & chemical-treatment suppliers for preventing corrosion at refineries.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Additions to and deviations from NACE SP0294 (formerly RP0294) that apply to alkylation unit spent sulfuric acid storage. These differences between fresh acid and spent sulfuric acid impact the integrity of storage tanks.
Guidelines to prevent in-service cracking of welds on P-1 steel equipment….factors… (1) corrosive environment, (2) hardness, and (3) total stress. Historical Document 1987
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Cracking in wet H2S petroleum refinery environments. Detection, repair, and mitigation of cracking of existing carbon steel refinery equipment.
This standard is intended to be a primary source of information on cracking in wet H2S petroleum refinery environments and provides guidelines on the detection, repair, and mitigation of cracking of existing carbon steel refinery equipment in wet H2S environments.
For decades, many asset owner/operators across the O&G value chain (and other critical industry segments) of upstream, midstream, & downstream have struggled to identify the root cause of fluctuating corrosion/erosion rates due to unreliable or infrequent data during various operating intervals on their most valuable of assets. This key missing data point has forced mechanical integrity teams, corrosion engineers, inspectors, and operations to, in many cases, make the best guess or hypothesize how to operate with a limited data set of information. In almost all cases, a time-based inspection or maintenance interval is used to gauge the useful lifetime of assets based on this limited data simply because these assets couldn’t give their owners a real-time health diagnostic of how they were doing … until now.