AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'duplex stainless steel'

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Case Study on the Failure of Duplex Stainless Steel Heat Exchanger from Thermal Shock

Product Number: 51324-20923-SG

Author: Immad Ovais Rohela; Yasar Irshad; Ahmad Raza Khan Rana; Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Shell & tube heat exchangers are prone to degradation from corrosion and fouling. Recent advents in the industry recommend the use of corrosion-resistant alloys to reduce failure risks. This paper addresses the case study on the two different failure incidents of a formic acid heat exchanger (material: SS 316L, UNS S31603) that failed due to the corrosivity of the service which was followed by the material upgrade to super duplex SS Grade (UNS S32750). The exchanger later failed due to unanticipated cracks at the tube-tube sheet weld joints. The study investigates the root cause(s) behind the failures in light of inspection findings, operating history, and a review of the material’s mechanical and metallurgical properties. This study also recommends mitigative measures to avoid such failure events.

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Casing Corrosion in Geothermal Environments Containing Sulfuric Acid

Product Number: 51324-20932-SG

Author: Joseph Thevakumar; Joshua Owen; Richard Barker; Evgeny Barmatov

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This work focusses on understanding corrosion severity and material performance within model geothermal sulfuric acid (H2SO4)-containing environments. With the use of a tantalum-lined high pressure/high temperature autoclave, the corrosion behavior of N80 carbon steel was compared against duplex stainless steel when exposed to H2SO4 solutions (pH 2-4) at temperatures up to 150°C. Electrochemical linear polarization resistance measurements were implemented to gather real time corrosion kinetic data. Complimentary ex-situ analyses (scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometry) were conducted to understand the corrosion mechanism and quantify localized corrosion rates. A quantitative relationship was identified in terms of pH, temperature and metal corrosion for the selected materials to highlight material capability within such low pH geothermal environments.

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Comments On Standards Development For Selection And Specification Of Subsea Materials

Product Number: 51322-17491-SG

Author: Russell D. Kane

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In the oil and gas industry, the major standard for material selection today is ANSI¹/NACE² MR0175/ISO 15156 Parts 1-3. [1] While this standard deals extensively with environment cracking and its prevention for materials under exposure to production environments containing H₂S, CO2, chlorides, and sulfur, it does not include any guidance or material requirements for resistance to environmental cracking (such as hydrogen stress cracking – HSC, or otherwise) under variable subsea conditions that involve exposure to seawater with varying levels of cathodic protection (CP). ISO 21457 [2] provides further guidance for materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems but does not provide adequate coverage of the issue of environmental cracking in subsea applications with CP.

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Direct Comparison of the ASTM G48 and ASTM A923 Ferric Chloride Corrosion Test Methods for the Detection of Deleterious Phases in Duplex Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51323-18874-SG

Author: Bruce Cowe, Hervé Marchebois, Christophe Mendibide

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Ferric chloride corrosion testing has been used to detect the presence of deleterious intermetallic phases and non-metallic precipitates in duplex stainless steels, such as sigma, Chi and chromium nitrides, for several decades. These corrosion tests are normally specified alongside metallographic assessment and impact testing as combined measures to demonstrate that these materials have been processed and heat treated in a satisfactory manner and exhibit suitable microstructures which should give the required mechanical and corrosion (and cracking) resistance.

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Effect of Additives to Corrosion Inhibitor for Duplex Stainless Steel in Acidizing

Product Number: 51321-16402-SG

Author: Hirotaka Mizukami/Susumu Hirano/Tsuyoshi Ooba/Ayano Yasui/Toshiyuki Sunaba/Mitsuru Uno

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Effect of oxygen in back purging gas on localized corrosion resistance of duplex welded joints with and without post-weld surface treatment

Product Number: 51323-19445-SG

Author: Tatiana C. Almeida, Rogaciano M. Moreira, Merlin C. E. Bandeira, Susana L. Díaz, Drielly L. Souza, Brenda C. S. Cardozo, Rafaela A. Posse, Oscar R. Mattos, Flávia M. F. Guedes, Ilson P. Baptista, Petronio Zumpano Junior, Ricardo R. Marinho, Aline L.S. Gomes, Marcelo F. Motta, Hélio C. Miranda

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Duplex stainless steel is widely used in Brazilian offshore pipelines since the pre-salt environment is under high corrosion scenario. Welding processes are often used in applications involving this steel. However, in general, welding imposes a reduction in the corrosion resistance of stainless steels.

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Effect of the Austenite Spacing in Duplex Stainless Steel on the Sour Cracking Resistance

Product Number: 51324-20655-SG

Author: Christophe Mendibide; Matthieu Regniere

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper presents the results of a study aiming at evaluating the effect of austenite spacing on the sour cracking resistance of a duplex stainless steel. The stress corrosion cracking resistance was assessed using slow strain rate (SSRT) and constant load tests. Under SSRT, a clear effect of the austenite spacing is observed. Above a threshold spacing, the pH-pH2S acceptability domains are smaller as the austenite spacing increases. This effect is however not seen under constant load at 90% of the actual yield strength, suggesting that a dynamic straining or a large plastic strain is needed to highlight the effect of this parameter.

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Environmentally-Assisted Cracking (SSC And SCC) Of Martensitic Stainless Steel OCTG Material In Sour Environment In 5%Nacl And 20%Nacl Solution

Product Number: 51322-17563-SG

Author: Yuichi Kamo, Yusuke Mizuno, Yasuhide Ishiguro

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Martensitic stainless steels for OCTG materials are widely used in sweet and mild sour conditions. Environmentally-assisted cracking (EAC) is a major corrosion-related issue when using stainless steels as OCTG materials. The EAC in specific oil/gas well conditions with sour environments is defined as sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The SSC is a type of cracking caused by hydrogen embrittlement, which is attributed to a cathodic reaction under acidic conditions, while SCC is associated with an anodic reaction. SSC testing for martensitic stainless steels for OCTG material is often carried out at or near ambient temperature under conditions simulating condensed water, and SCC tests are conducted at higher temperatures under conditions simulating formation water and/or the brine availability test.

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Failure Analysis of Reactor Effluent Air Cooler (REAC) in a Hydrocracker Unit

Product Number: 51314-3730-SG

ISBN: 3730 2014 CP

Author: Surajit Ghosal

Publication Date: 2014

$0.00

A major fire in a Reactor Effluent Air Cooler (REAC) of the Hydrocracker Unit (HCU). Visual inspection was made on the failed portion. Metallurgical investigation, macrostructural and microstructural analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy was conducted on the failed air cooler.

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Failure of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Valves Due to Improper Microstructure

Product Number: 51324-20759-SG

Author: K. Ravindranath; B. Al-Wakaa; A. Ali; Ahmad Al-Swaha; Salem Al-Qahtani

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Cast duplex stainless steels are popularly used in the petroleum industry due to their good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. One of the applications of cast duplex stainless steels in the petroleum industry is in the manufacture of valves in corrosive service. The good properties of duplex stainless steels are attributed to their balanced microstructure containing austenite and ferrite phases. The balanced microstructure in the duplex stainless-steel components is achieved by the optimum heat treatment and manufacturing process. Improper cooling during manufacturing or accidental exposure of the component to high temperatures can induce the precipitation of secondary phases in the microstructure of duplex stainless steel, which can seriously influence the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The paper deals with the failure investigation of the first-generation cast duplex stainless steel valves that failed in a short duration of service. The microstructure of the failed valve was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the microstructure on the mechanical properties was assessed by hardness measurements, tensile testing, and impact toughness testing. The study indicated that the properties of the duplex stainless-steel valves were affected due to the precipitation of secondary phases and the root cause of the failure was embrittlement caused by the precipitated secondary phases.

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Lack-of-Fusion-like Root Flaws in Stainless Steel Welds

Product Number: 51317--9111-SG

ISBN: 9111 2017 CP

Author: Kasra Sotoudeh

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper describes lack-of-fusion-like flaws, which can be formed at weld toes, particularly in pipe butt welds in duplex grades of stainless steel. Some adverse microstructural and geometrical effects associated with those flaws are characterized on actual joints.

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Optimizing Wallpaper Cladding Repair of WFGD Air Pollution Control Systems in the Power Industry

Product Number: 51317--9365-SG

ISBN: 9365 2017 CP

Author: Tracey Holmes

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

By selection of proper base metal/weld metal combinations and diligent use of established cladding procedures a very serviceable and reliable “wallpaper” metallic lining requiring only periodic cleaning, can be achieved at an economical price.

Products tagged with 'duplex stainless steel'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance