AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'corrosion mechanisms'

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Alloying Effect Of Mo In Martensitic Stainless Steel On Passive Film In H2S-CO2 Environment

Product Number: 51322-17538-SG

Author: Kyohei Kanki, Katsuhiro Nishihara, Masayuki Sagara, Hisashi Amaya, Hideki Takabe

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Oil and gas wells are highly corrosive environments because they contain H₂S and CO₂. The 13Cr martensitic stainless steel is widely used in the oil and gas industry because of high good corrosion resistance in CO₂ gas wells. Generally, the addition of Mo increases the passivity of steel. However, the role of Mo in passive films has not been completely clarified.

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An Environmental Performance Comparison of Premium Vs. Standard Grades Used in Non-Magnetic Drill Collars

Product Number: 51324-20685-SG

Author: Flavia Kudla; Manuel Marya

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Non-magnetic drill collar (NMDC) alloys are (Cr-Mn/Cr-Mn-Ni)-Mo-N proprietary austenitic stainless steels that meet minimum API Specification 7-1 requirements. Among NMDC alloys, a wide range of chemical compositions and environmental performance exist with similar mechanical requirements. NMDC alloy proprietary compositions may be grouped into premium and standard grades and, depending on the product and operation requirements, the drilling conditions may lean more towards one group versus the other. This paper evaluates and compares the corrosion performance of representative alloys from these two groups in terms of weight-loss corrosion, localized corrosion, and environmentally assisted cracking in two simulated drilling muds. The test program accounts for different levels of chlorides, dissolved oxygen, brine pH, and temperature, in order to reproduce corrosion in the environment(s) and temperature(s) representative of field jobs. This investigation aims to understand and identify corrosion and cracking limits of the alloys from the premium and standard groups; and consequently, provide guidance to improve operational reliability and increase NMDCs life in the field.

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Clarifying Material Selection: Understanding the Corrosion Mechanisms for Wastewater Clarifier Mechanisms

Product Number: 51217-060-SG

Author: D. A. Sherman, R. A. Nixon

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Wastewater treatment plant clarifier environments present challenges for selecting materials of construction. Coated carbon steel, hot-dip galvanized steel, and stainless steel are most commonly specified for new or refurbished clarifier mechanisms, and all have their advantages and disadvantages with regard to achieving the intended design life.

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Continuous Corrosion Monitoring In HF Alkylation Units Including The Effects Of Iron Fluoride Scale Build-Up

Product Number: 51322-17489-SG

Author: William Fazackerley & Attila Gajdacsi

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In oil refineries, one corrosion issue occurs each week worldwide that leads to a severe incident such as sudden leakages, e.g., resulting from pipe ruptures.^[1] These facts emphasize the need for corrosion control in refineries. Corrosion monitoring is one important approach to utilize and can maximize equipment integrity and productivity.

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Effect of Trace Concentrations of H2S Introduced to Existing Sweet Corrosion Product Layers

Product Number: 51323-19261-SG

Author: Adam Cutright, Bruce Brown, David Young

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

A 2002 study estimated the annual cost associated with corrosion of gas pipelines to be around $5 billion. Corrosion of oil and gas pipelines continues to pose a major issue in the oil and gas industry due to the combination of brine produced with the oil and the type of acid gas present which can lead to significant internal corrosion. Oil and gas reservoirs can be separated into two categories, sweet and sour.

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Electrochemical Evaluation of the Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of Ni Based Precipitation Hardening Alloys in Supercritical Sour Gas Service Conditions

Product Number: 51324-20426-SG

Author: Raymundo Case; Lei Zhao; Yuan Ding; Jason Ren; Tin Dunne

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study evaluates the susceptibility to localized corrosion of alloys UNS N06625 and N07725 in both supercritical and subcritical CO2 with H2S present. Electrochemical experiments were performed at 200 °C, with CO2 present in both supercritical at 1500 psi and sub critical (450 psi) conditions, the H2S content was up to 10% mol and chloride concentration in the brine up to 25000 ppm, the test are performed with 1 g/l of S. The results in this study, indicate that the performance of both alloys in supercritical CO2 phase with H2S, show an extremely high anodic dissolution rate. This behavior is attributed to the formation of NiCO3 and NiS. The H2S content within the supercritical CO2 phase can support a high cathodic reaction rate through the S reduction reaction, which is incorporated in the passive layer to form Ni sulfides, this creates a passive layer susceptible to pitting at high Cl- content.

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Formicary Corrosion And EAC Of Copper Tubes In Contact With Building Sealant

Product Number: 51322-17846-SG

Author: Kimberly Steine

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Blue discoloration of off-white sealant in contact with copper tube at medical facilities under
construction was observed. The copper tube was being installed to transport medical-grade gasses and the sealant was used as an acoustical and smoke sealant at through-wall penetrations. In some areas of one facility, galvanized steel pipes inserts were used as sleeves for the copper pipes through the drywall, while in other areas, the copper pipe penetrated directly through the drywall. Observations of the discoloration prompted an evaluation of the copper tube, sealant, and potential adverse interactions.

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Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of Oil Patch Alloy 718 and Its Correlation to the Microstructure

Product Number: 51321-16393-SG

Author: Julia Botinha/Bodo Gehrmann/Helena Alves

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Implementation of Strong Acid and CO2 Corrosion in CFD Software

Product Number: 51324-21225-SG

Author: Adam Cutright; Payman Sharifi; Srdjan Nesic; Bruce Brown; Muhammad Sami

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

To properly understand the necessary steps in implementing corrosion modeling into existing CFD software, it is necessary to verify the accuracy of the corrosion predictions made by the software. To do this, simulations are created that replicate experimental work performed in well understood geometries. The corrosion models are implemented in these simulations, and the resulting corrosion rates, as well as hydrodynamic and mass transfer characterizations, are compared to results from the experimental work. Presented herein is work investigating corrosion phenomena in a thin channel flow cell apparatus, as well as single phase straight pipe flow. In both geometries hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and electrochemistry have been simulated at a variety of conditions; the accuracy of the results were confirmed through comparison with experimental data and well tested correlations. Both geometries showed a high degree of agreement between the simulations and the experimental work, indicating that the methodology is viable to be used in other geometries.

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Investigation Of Corrosion In WAAM Manufactured Materials

Product Number: 51322-18133-SG

Author: Aishwarya, Benoit Verquin, Quentin Petavy, Robert Shandro, Liam Kok Chye

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Among the many additive manufacturing processes, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) has recently been drawing interest due to its great and attractive prospect for fabrication of large parts, the possibility to process a vast range of materials in form of welding wires, and the addition of further details to semi-finished components [1]. However, most of the research have currently focused on optimization of the WAAM process parameters and analysis of the resulting thermal and residual stresses [2]. Unlike conventional manufacturing processes, WAAM process and post-processing treatments result in unique microstructures and material surfaces that alter the corrosion performance of the materials but are not fully studied or understood yet.

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Localized Corrosion Management For Thermally Insulated Systems Via Insulation Stand-Offs And Low Point Drains

Product Number: 51322-17585-SG

Author: Ahmad Raza Khan Rana, Graham Brigham, Omar Chaar, George Jarjoura

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion under thermal insulations namely CUI (Corrosion under insulation) is a key degradation process in hydrocarbon facilities which poses asset integrity risks. 1 CUI is reported as the reason behind 40-60% of failures of the process piping in a typical oil refining facility. Speaking smaller-sized process piping (i.e., NPS < 4”), up to 81% of reported failures are known to result from CUI. 2 Monetary spending to inspect and fix CUI-related failures cost 10% of overall maintenance budget in a typical medium-sized oil refinery. 2 CUI risk is influenced by numerous operational and environmental factors which impedes its management in a typical AIM (Asset integrity management) program. The

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Modelling of Corrosion Under Insulation in Oil Sands

Product Number: 51323-19209-SG

Author: Andrea Marciales, Martin Huard, Kofi Freeman Adane

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

According to the Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA) in Norway, corrosion under insulation (CUI) caused about 50% of all hydrocarbon leaks at onshore plants. In the case of Alberta’s oil sands, CUI has also been observed in thermal operations in above ground assets carrying emulsions, steam, hot water and/or warm water that are externally insulated to ensure safe and energy efficient operations. CUI has also been observed in oil sands mining operations in various piping systems and in tanks and vessels on structural supports and insulated support rings that are frequently in contact with soil or standing groundwater.

Products tagged with 'corrosion mechanisms'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance