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This paper provides an overview of the risk assessment methodology and how it is applied to assess and monitor the risks in conjunction with a rigorous corrosion monitoring program comprising of multiple ultrasonic sensor placements. Various case studies are presented.
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In 1998, pipeline operators began to use a instrumented inspection technology that we now know as guided wave testing (GWT), which detects changes in the cross-sectional area of the pipe wall.
NACE TM0177 Method D corrosion test is used on low alloyed steels in sour environments. A DCB testing program has been performed on 125 ksi grade sour service casings and couplings in 0.07 bar H2S gas for solving these issues and for providing meaningful KISSC values.
The measurement of induced AC voltages along a pipeline is a primary indicator of electrical safety hazards and AC corrosion risks under operating powerlines. This paper addresses several fallacies, misconceptions and common errors related to the measurement of these AC induced voltages.
Intended for use by technical field and service personnel. Describes field methods for estimating bacterial populations found in oilfield systems. Sampling methods and media for enumerating bacteria are described.
Determining the deposit weight density (DWD) on a boiler tube surface, via the glass-bead-blasting technique. Removes most boiler deposits. Useful when other methods fail.
Upstream oil production assets, including oil production pipeline network and gas oil water separation facilities, play a dominant role in sustaining production targets to meet customer requirements. Corrosion management of such assets encompasses various phases, such as design, construction, operation, and decommissioning. Proper engineering design and sound construction practices combined with effective monitoring are essential to manage and maintain the corrosion of these assets within acceptable limits. Some of the considerations taken into account during design include: safety, environment, pressure, temperature, material availability, delivery time, and cost. Operating these assets outside of the design boundaries could influence the corrosion process, significantly impacting integrity. Close monitoring of operating parameters, along with identifying the corrosion by employing appropriate inspection techniques, and implementing timely corrective measures, are of paramount importance to preserving the integrity of these critical assets, which otherwise could lead to safety and environmental issues. This paper highlights three case studies involving the importance of cathodic protection monitoring, and failure analysis of an oil pipeline, along with corrosion inhibitor optimization efforts carried out to ensure asset integrity.
Cathodic protection (CP) is an electrochemical corrosion prevention technique, which is implemented by circulating a direct current between an electrode (anode) placed in the environment and the structure to be protected (the cathode): this current causes a lowering of the potential of the metal and reduces its corrosion rate, until it stops.
For decades, many asset owner/operators across the O&G value chain (and other critical industry segments) of upstream, midstream, & downstream have struggled to identify the root cause of fluctuating corrosion/erosion rates due to unreliable or infrequent data during various operating intervals on their most valuable of assets. This key missing data point has forced mechanical integrity teams, corrosion engineers, inspectors, and operations to, in many cases, make the best guess or hypothesize how to operate with a limited data set of information. In almost all cases, a time-based inspection or maintenance interval is used to gauge the useful lifetime of assets based on this limited data simply because these assets couldn’t give their owners a real-time health diagnostic of how they were doing … until now.