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This paper describes three corrosion case histories caused by overconfidence and lack of thorough understanding of the corroding systems. 1. Exchanger tube failure. 2. Hydrogen induced cracking. 3. Inappropriate mixing of process streams.
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Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) can be a major issue for line pipe exposed to sour environments. In this study, influence of the test solutions on HIC evaluation was investigated from the view point of corrosion. Electrochemical measurements were employed to compare corrosion behavior of line pipe steels between the 0.93N acetate buffer solution and the conventional 0.05N acetate solution.
The hydrogen collection method is used widely. In this paper we present preliminary measurements from a newly developed device based on the hydrogen collection method of flux measurement, which enables readings to be taken from up to four external probes sequentially, within a short time.
Brief descriptions of the mechanisms of common types of corrosion attacks in petrochemical and refinery environments viz. Wet H2S, Caustic, Amine, Carbonate corrosion and cracking.
It is well known that H2S promotes hydrogen entry into steels that may result in many types of steel failures. This paper examines the influence of traces of oxygen on corrosion and hydrogen charging of steel in an H2S containing environment.
Continuous wash water injection in gas recovery units (GRU) is a best practice for corrosion control. The case study describes failures that occurred in the wash water injection system.
Volumetric Ultrasonic Testing (phased array) thickness measurements performed on the absorber column of a gas dehydration unit (GDU) found laminations and inclusions. The component could not continue in operation unless mitigating actions were taken.
The T-8-20 Task Group conducted a survey of plant practices and of the performance of materials of constrution in HF Alkylation Units. A Primary goal of the survey was to expand the limited body of the information on alternative ally performance in HF Alkylation units and to better define the susceptibility of steel to hydrogen induced cracking.
HFW pipes is considered a cost-effective pipe option for oil and gas pipeline projects. The HFW seam performance is always a concern, especially in challenging environments such as low temperature applications and wet sour services. One of the challenges include the seam properties to resist sulfide stress cracking (SSC) or hydrogen embrittlement (HE) when exposed to hydrogen charging environment such as a wet sour service.
Steel pipelines designated for the transport of oil and gas containing wet hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are facedwith the risk of sudden and severe cracking. In sour environments containing water and H2S, hydrogenatoms, originating from the anodic dissolution of the material, can diffuse into the steel and induce severedamage. Different forms of cracking may occur, such as Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC), SulfideStress Cracking (SSC) or Stress Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking (SOHIC).
Resistance testing of low alloyed steel pipes to Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) is performed according to NACE standard TM0284. Fitness-for-purpose testing, where the appropriate environment and pressures are selected, has been included.