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04151 High Strength Fasteners for Subsea Applications

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Laboratory testing to qualify several materials for high strength fastener applications for two projects has shown that, in the presence of cathodic protection, nickel alloys 718 and 725 offer the best resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and are available in the strength/size required for high pressure and moderate temperature applications for sub-sea applications.

 

Product Number: 51300-04151-SG
ISBN: 04151 2004 CP
Author: Khlefa A. Esaklul, BP Exploration; John W. Martin, BP Amoco
Publication Date: 2004
Industries: Maritime , Materials Selection and Design
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Mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and immunity to environmentally assisted cracking are the key elements in selection of fasteners for sub-sea applications. While corrosion resistance and mechanical properties are attainable, finding materials that offer resistance to cracking in seawater service in areas of intense cathodic polarization or in galvanically coupled systems has been a major challenge.

High strength low alloy steels have had acceptable performance in cathodically protected systems. Their applications have been limited to maximum yield strength of 140 ksi (965 MPa) and a maximum hardness of 34 HRC. Development of deepwater has required larger size and higher strength fasteners than have been typically used for sub-sea applications. Costly interventions have necessitated the need for increased reliability for subsea systems including fasteners.

Laboratory testing to qualify several materials for high strength fastener applications for two projects has shown that, in the presence of cathodic protection, nickel alloys 718 and 725 offer the best resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and are available in the strength/size required for high pressure and moderate temperature applications.

The results of the study demonstrated the susceptibility of high strength alloy steel fasteners to hydrogen embrittlement in cathodically protected systems when the yield strength exceeds 140 ksi (965 MPa).

Keywords: Bolting, fasteners, high strength, cathodic protection, hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking, subsea, seawater

 

Mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and immunity to environmentally assisted cracking are the key elements in selection of fasteners for sub-sea applications. While corrosion resistance and mechanical properties are attainable, finding materials that offer resistance to cracking in seawater service in areas of intense cathodic polarization or in galvanically coupled systems has been a major challenge.

High strength low alloy steels have had acceptable performance in cathodically protected systems. Their applications have been limited to maximum yield strength of 140 ksi (965 MPa) and a maximum hardness of 34 HRC. Development of deepwater has required larger size and higher strength fasteners than have been typically used for sub-sea applications. Costly interventions have necessitated the need for increased reliability for subsea systems including fasteners.

Laboratory testing to qualify several materials for high strength fastener applications for two projects has shown that, in the presence of cathodic protection, nickel alloys 718 and 725 offer the best resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and are available in the strength/size required for high pressure and moderate temperature applications.

The results of the study demonstrated the susceptibility of high strength alloy steel fasteners to hydrogen embrittlement in cathodically protected systems when the yield strength exceeds 140 ksi (965 MPa).

Keywords: Bolting, fasteners, high strength, cathodic protection, hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking, subsea, seawater

 

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04139 Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel, Low Alloy Steel and CRA's in Partially Deaerated Sea Water and Commingled Produced Water

Product Number: 51300-04139-SG
ISBN: 04139 2004 CP
Author: Michael John Schofield / K.C. Waterton / Tim Evans
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A test programme was conducted to study corrosion behaviour of - 1. carbon and low alloy steels, 2. austenitic, martensitic and duplex stainless steels and 3. nickel-based Alloy 718 - in low oxygen content (20 & 200 ppb) seawater.

 

 
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Product Number: 51300-03017-SG
ISBN: 03017 2003 CP
Author: Karl P. Fischer
Publication Date: 2003
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A joint industry project "Corrosion protection and maintenance of bolting and fasteners" was initiated in 2001. The main part of the project is a 10 year testing program of pretensioned stud bolts in the marine atmospheric zone, splash zone and submerged zone in Norway and in the US.
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Susceptibility to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking of Alloy 718 and Alloy 725 Under Cathodic Polarization

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 A test project to examine the susceptibility of Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) has been executed. In this project hydrogen charged samples of Alloy 718 and Alloy 725 have been exposed under tensile stress to establish critical stress levels for initiation of HISC.
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