AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'ssc'

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Impact Of Material Properties Of Thick-Wall X65 TMCP Plate Steel For Sour Service

Product Number: 51322-17917-SG

Author: Thomas Haase, Christoph Bosch, Matthias Frommert, Markus Schürmann, Alexander Voelling, Sven Casper

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Low-alloy steel of API⁽¹⁾ 5L grade X65 is commonly used as line pipe material for sour service applications, where, due to stringent operation limits, resistivity to Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC), Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) and Stress-Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking (SOHIC) is required and tested before and after plate into pipe forming. Within recent years more challenging requirements have been introduced, including more severe corrosion test conditions, increased mechanical properties and extended limitations regarding hardness, to enable application to increasingly severe sour service conditions. For steel plants and plate manufacturers this entails the necessity to further improve the quality of their products together with separate improvements and modifications on the production plants and processes that have been implemented anyway.

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Improved Girth Welding On Seamless Linepipe For High H2S Partial Pressure Condition

Product Number: 51322-17710-SG

Author: Florian Thebault, Antoine Remy, Laurent Faivre, Sébastien Leconte

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 document part 2 provides material requirements for selecting cast irons and low-alloy steels for sour environments.¹ Figure 1 is reproduced from this standard and describes different regions of environmental severity for Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC): service in region 0 being the least susceptible to cracking, even for very sensitive materials, and region 3 being the worst.

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Investigating Crack Initiation and Propagation from Hard Spots In TMCP Steels Exposed to Wet Sour Environments

Product Number: MECC23-20109-SG

Author: Maslat Al-Waranbi; Saad M. Al-Muaili; Khalid BaBakri

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Hard spot cracking is a type of sulfide stress cracking (SSC), which is a common type of Hydrogen
Embrittlement (HE). The embrittlement by SSC is attributed to the hydrogen atoms (H+), as corrosion byproduct, that permeate/diffuse through the metal with the presence of H2S. Then, when hydrogen atoms get entrapped at specific microstructural configurations, material ductility will be impaired and material will be embrittled [2].

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Naturally Buffered Iron Chloride Containing Solutions for SSC Tests of Low Alloy Steels

Product Number: 51324-20732-SG

Author: Florian Thebault; Hervé Marchebois

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Addition of controlled quantity of iron (II) chloride (FeCl2) in a test solution allows a tight control of the pH of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) tests for low alloy steels. The natural buffering capacity is a consequence of the precipitation of iron sulfide corrosion products at a very early stage during the corrosion test. This work shows that FeCl2 can efficiently replace acetic acid for pH buffering of the SSC tests. NACE TM0177 Method A and D tests have been performed and showed similar environmental severity for SSC compared to standardized test solutions at a given pH. Thanks to a reduction of the corrosion rate in FeCl2 containing environments, which limits the increase of the applied stress during the test, the environmental severity appears to be fairly evaluated. Iron sulfide scale characterization and failure observations support the conclusion that FeCl2 containing solutions do not modify the SSC corrosion mechanism. This alternative test solution is well adapted to the determination of threshold pH for SSC.

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New Axially Loaded Full Ring Test Method for Assessment of Susceptibility of Girth Welds and Parent Pipe to Sour Service Cracking

Product Number: 51317--8965-SG

ISBN: 8965 2017 CP

Author: Philip Dent

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

New axially loaded full ring test method which was developed and demonstrated to combine the benefits of retaining a full as-welded pipe pup-piece, permitting single-sided exposure, with the advantage of tensile loading of the complete tubular specimen.

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Non Producing Environments Leading to Downhole CRA Completion Failures

Product Number: 51324-20620-SG

Author: B. J. C. Thomas; M. Al Kindi; A.S. Braiki

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Materials selection for any oil and gas equipment, but specifically in wells, tend to focus on the nature and characteristic of the producing environments, or injected fluids if dealing with an injector well. They benefit from greater appreciation on the uncertainty range, in terms of volumes, pressure, temperature and concentration of corrodents since it forms the basis of the business case to drill a new well. There is no robust industry-wide materials selection standards, besides that of the sour limitation of ISO 15156, and Operators are therefore relying on their internal standards, if available, or recommendations from equipment manufacturers or suppliers to select the most appropriate OCTG for that given “worst case” environment. This paper describes several wells completion failures that are attributed to temporary internal or external exposures, at times in wells that were not even cleaned up from the initial completion brine. The events that led to extensive internal corrosion of N08535 tubing and cracking of 13Cr-110 ksi (13-5-2 grades per ISO 13680) are described with the aim to bring higher awareness to the Operators that due diligence of materials selection should not be limited to the primary fluids that are to be transported.

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Reduction Of Conservatism In SSC Testing For Sour Gas Well Tubulars

Product Number: 51322-17776-SG

Author: Marc Wilms, Johan Smit, Willem Maarten van Haaften, Sytze Huizinga, Wouter Koot, Daniela Garcia, Harold Evin, Michel Bonis, Hervé Marchebois, Edmund J.F. Dickinson, Gareth Hinds

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Martensitic stainless steel (MSS) well tubulars are favorable due to their high strength and relatively low cost and are therefore widely applied in the Oil & Gas industry. This is especially the case for 13Cr and Super13Cr grades, which are often selected for mildly sour gas fields, where a relatively low content of H₂S is present. When selecting martensitic stainless steels for sour service, the susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC), determined by standard laboratory tests, are the most important selection criteria.