AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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A Review Of Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking Factors For Austenitic Stainless Steel

Product Number: 51322-17524-SG

Author: Sangeetha Rao

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

This paper will identify and document how these different factors affect the susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel to Chloride-Stress Corrosion cracking based on a review of currently available literature. A review of current industry best practices and a review of how the Oxygen content, the pH and application of stress relief affects Chloride-Stress Corrosion Cracking will be documented and presented.

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A Review of Corrosion-Related Failures and Preventive Measures on Non-Magnetic Cr-Mn Austenitic Stainless Steel Drill Collars

Product Number: 51323-19370-SG

Author: Flavia Kudla, Yao Yao, Manuel Marya

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Drill collars are thick-walled pipes that provide stiffness and concentration of mass at or near the bit and are among the main components of the bottom-hole assembly (BHA). The non-magnetic drill collars (NMDCs) represent a sub-category of proprietary drill collars that enable magnetic surveying and directional drilling. Due to their cross-section, NMDCs are inherently heavy and can convey a strong push on the drill bit itself, minimizing cutting instability problems, while their strength is sufficient to prevent buckling while drilling.

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A Review Of Hydrogen Stress Cracking Of Nickel-Based Alloys For Oil And Gas Applications

Product Number: 51321-16705-SG

Author: Thierry Cassagne; Hervé Marchebois; Thiago Mesquita

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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A Review of the Effect of High-Pressure Hydrogen on Crack Growth of Pipeline Steels and an Assessment of their Suitability for Hydrogen Transportation Purpose

Product Number: 51324-21016-SG

Author: Shigekazu Miyashita; Shunji Kataoka

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The mechanical properties of piping materials in gaseous hydrogen environments are still a complex subject, although steel pipelines have been a major means of transporting gaseous hydrogen for decades. An assessment of the material performance in gaseous hydrogen environments is necessary for safe and reliable pipeline design and operation, not only for existing pipelines but also for new pipelines needed to accommodate future consumption demands. Since the materials for hydrogen pipelines are usually subjected to the repeated loading of pressure fluctuations, fatigue crack growth in steels in gaseous hydrogen is of paramount concern. In this paper, the current understanding of the effects of hydrogen on fatigue crack growth are reviewed. In particular, the effects of various parameters, such as steel grade, loading frequency, stress ratio, and hydrogen partial pressure are discussed in detail. Moreover, fatigue crack growth analyses in hypothetical hydrogen pipelines using a fatigue crack growth model developed by the Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers (IGEM) are presented. These analyses are used to assess the applicability of conventional pipeline steels, and their results indicate certain technical challenges for the industry.

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A Review of Various Guidelines for Predicting Solid Particle Erosion with Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes

Product Number: 51320-15105-SG

Author: G.G. Chochua, M. Parsi, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, T.A. Sedrez, S. Karimi, F. Darihaki, J. Edwards, H. Arabnejad, M. Agrawal, A. Asgharpour, R.E. Vieira, P. Zahedi, E. Gharaibah, S.A. Shirazi

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Solid particle erosion is one of the key issues affecting operational reliability and the cost of tools and equipment in the oil and gas industry. In a particular erosive environment, the extent to which erosion occurs depends on many factors, such as flow conditions, fluid properties, wall material, and particle properties. As a result, it is difficult to investigate the effects of all of these factors using experimental methods. One comprehensive alternative, however, is to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which can provide the analyst with a great deal of information about the phenomenon, such as where erosion occurs as well as its severity. Of course, when using any CFD-based erosion prediction method, care must be taken when selecting appropriate meshing practices, solution parameters, and sub-models.
Best practices and guidelines for solid particle erosion modeling using CFD are described. In addition to discussing many parameters that should be considered when using CFD to predict solid particle erosion, the effects of many of these parameters and sub-models within the CFD codes are also discussed with several examples comparing CFD results to available experimental data. This paper can serve as a first step toward developing a comprehensive guideline for the industrial modeling of erosion phenomena and to help engineers improve the accuracy of erosion wear predictions.

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A Review on Residual Stresses in the Fabrication Domain: Evolution Mechanisms, Quantification Techniques and Treatment Methods

Product Number: MPWT19-14359

Author: Rashed Alhajri, Fahad Alhindas, Yasser Alsubhi, Hatim Alhamdan

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Residual stresses are self-equilibrating stresses that exist in materials and structures at the absence of instantaneous application of external loadings. In industrial manufacturing and fabrication processes, such stresses can be prominent and may lead to premature failures if uncontrolled. Such failures can be manifested in many forms including stress corrosion cracking, fatigue cracking or brittle facture. This paper is devoted to providing a comprehensive review on residual stress in the manufacturing and fabrication domain with a greater emphasis on welding based residual stresses. Three residual stress evolution mechanisms will be evaluated covering deformation driven stresses during manufacturing, thermally driven during welding and surface modifications such as grinding, carburizing and plating. In welding processes, the residual stresses in the cooling cycle are characterized using Gleeble testing illustrating the stress profiles as a function of temperature. The effect of residual stresses in welded structures will be discussed covering fatigue performance, brittle fracture and effect on Stress Corrosion Cracking resistance. To ensure residual stresses are effectively measured and quantified, a total of nine (9) destructive, semi-destructive and non-destructive residual stress measurement techniques are evaluated. A comparison and evaluation of four (4) common residual stress mitigation techniques are also discussed covering Ultrasonic Impact Treatment, High Frequency Mechanical Impact, shot peening and Post-weld Heat Treatment. The review discussion extends to four (4) factors towards impacting the residual stress magnitude and distribution covering material properties, welding process and clamping and preheating during welding.

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A Right Way To Calculate Pipe CP Potential Attenuation

Product Number: 51322-17599-SG

Author: John Yang, Jiulong Liang

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Shown on Figure 1 is a typical impressed current CP diagram. When the rectifier is first turned on, i.e. time t=0, there is no polarization yet. At that moment, the applied DC voltage is fully consumed by IR drops at anode (IRa0) and cathode (IRc0), plus original potential difference between anode and pipe (Eoca- Eocc). When t=0, the current is at the greatest value. Over time when polarization kicks in, due to adding polarization resistance, the current is gradually reduced.

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A Road Map For Innovation In Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) In The Gas Pipeline

Product Number: 51322-18204-SG

Author: America A. Padilla-Viveros, Rigoberto Arroyo-Cortez

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A recent review provided an overview of current microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) research. It established that despite extensive study and numerous publications, fundamental questions relating to MIC remain unanswered and stress the lack of information associated with MIC recognition, prediction, and mitigation (Little et al., 2020). On the other hand, bibliometric analysis on the MIC of engineering systems conducted a knowledge gap analysis to focus research efforts and to develop a roadmap for MIC research (Hashemi et al., 2018).

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A Semi-Empirical Model for the Prediction of Localized Corrosion of Titanium Alloys in Geothermal Energy Systems

Product Number: 51323-19075-SG

Author: Fazlollah Madani Sani, Deepti Ballal, Andre Anderko

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Given the need to end our dependence on fossil fuels and invest in alternative sources of energy that are clean, accessible, affordable, sustainable, and reliable, geothermal energy can be a promising choice as a prominent source of energy. Geothermal energy systems are an established renewable energy resource with a long history of adaptable, reliable baseload generation. Conventional geothermal energy systems (GES) in the Western USA can provide almost 30 gigawatt electricity (GWe) of baseload.

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A Study of Pipeline Integrity Management in Oil and Gas Production Facilities of Arabian Gulf Oil Company through Corrosion Management

Product Number: MECC23-19898-SG

Author: Iftikhar Ahmad

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The primary objective of pipeline integrity management (PIM) is to maintain pipelines in a fit-for-service condition while extending their remaining life in the safe, most reliable and cost effective manner. The effective and successful life cycle pipeline integrity management is based on following aspects: (a) feasibility, (b) design, (c) procurement, (d) fabrication, (e) modification, (f) transportation and storage, (g) pre-commissioning and commissioning, (h) handover, (i) operation and maintenance, (j) suspension/abandonment. The requirements and recommendations of the management of integrity of a pipeline throughout its life cycle are given in the documents published by ISO organization.

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A Study of the Compatibility of Carbon Steel for MEG Reclaiming Systems: Impact of pH Adjustment

Product Number: 51323-19467-SG

Author: J. Kittel, F. Grosjean, G.R. Joshi, G. Parer, F. Quinio, JC Brevot

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) is often injected in offshore gas transport lines to prevent the formation of gas hydrates (crystalline solids comprised of water and gas that form at low temperatures). Glycol is one of the most effective products for this purpose and acts to further lower the temperature at which hydrates would normally form. As such, it is called a thermodynamic inhibitor.

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A Study Of The Depolarization Phenomena In Soils And Remanence Of Corrosion Protection After CP Interruption

Product Number: 51322-17649-SG

Author: Clémence Rogier, David Sellam, Tiphaine Lutzler, Laurent Henry, Ahmed Fakhry, Yves Zannier, Elisabeth Fleury, François Castillon

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Oil and gas buried pipelines are protected against corrosion by both organic coatings, a passive protection system, and cathodic protection, an active protection system. When coating defects occur, CP controls the corrosion of the exposed steel surface. From an operating point of view, cathodic protection interruptions can occur on the network during interventions, consignments, or technical problems. Literature indicates that during CP interruption the corrosion rate of the metal remains lower than its free corrosion rate. Application of CP confers a remanence of protection to the metal. The objective of this study is to determine the safe duration for cathodic protection interruptions depending on environmental and cathodic protection conditions.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance