AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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A Mechanistic Study On The Effect Of Salt Concentration On Uniform Corrosion Rate Of Pipeline Steel In Acidic Aqueous Environments

Product Number: 51321-16788-SG

Author: Fazlollah Madani Sani; Bruce Brown; Srdjan Nesic

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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A Methodology, Database, And Maps For Seasonally-Adjusted Soil Resistivity

Product Number: 51322-18216-SG

Author: Thomas Hayden, Alfonso Rojas Garcia, Steve Peaslee, Joseph Mazzella, Paul Murray, Robert R. Dobos

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The electrical conductivity of the electrolyte is one of the key parameters in the electromechanics of corrosion. Highly conductive electrolytes will permit more current and increase corrosion rates. Conversely, resistive electrolytes will enable less current to flow until the necessary conditions for corrosion are no longer satisfied or slowed.

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A new 13Cr OCTG for High Temperature and High Chloride Environment

Product Number: 89469-SG

Author: K. Tamaki

Publication Date: 1989

$20.00

Newly developed 13%Cr steels with 0.010-0.18%C, 4%Ni, and 1%Mo show excellent corrosion resistance in severe sweet environments, such as temperature of 300F (150C), 20%NaCi, and 560psi (3.85MPa) PCO2, which the conventional API 5CT 13%Cr (0.15-0.22%c) can not withstand.

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A New Biocide Enhancer for a Better Pipeline Treatment

Product Number: 51324-20576-SG

Author: Nik Nor Azrizam Nik Norizam; Hasrizal A Rahman; Azmi Mohammed Nor

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Biocide Enhancer (BioMETT) is a PETRONAS in-house chemical technology developed by PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd (PRSB). BioMETT development took place back in 2015 where PRSB started to develop a biocide enhancer formulation that could enhance and boost up further the efficacy of current Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) biocide used by operation in mitigating corrosion problem inside crude oil pipelines due to Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC). PRSB continued to test out the formulation in the actual offshore field environment where the BioMETT technology was piloted in two separate fields namely field A and B. The purpose of the pilot is to evaluate further the effectiveness of BioMETT formulation (a mixture of THPS and enhancer) in reducing the current biocide dosage injection between 30% to 40% at both pipelines while still showing the same efficacy as that of existing dosage in maintaining the acceptable low Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) count reading of <10 cfu/ml. Feasibility study was conducted to ensure the enhancer do not cause any corrosively effect to the pipeline on its own or when mixing with THPS. Furthermore, the mixture was also compatible with other oilfield chemicals and did not cause physical problems such as foaming and emulsion. Upon completion of the pilot, the results obtained showed a successful reduction of 30% in the biocide dosage, translated into 30% reduction in the biocide injection cost per every operational pigging (OP).

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A New Method to Mitigate Halite Deposit by Using Non-Water-Soluble Quaternary Ammonium Corrosion Inhibitor

Product Number: 51324-20867-SG

Author: Dong Shen; Kung-Po Chao; Joseph E Penkala

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Halite scale inhibition is one of the most challenging issues in the industry as oil and gas are produced in a high salinity brine environment. Although currently the best practice in the field for halite scale mitigation is to inject fresh water to dilute the halite scaling brines, it is not practical in locations where a nearby source of good quality fresh water is inadequate. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to investigate the chemistry and performance of halite scale inhibitors. The most common halite inhibitors, such as NTAA (nitrilotriacetamide) and potassium ferrocyanide (K3Fe(CN)6), are water soluble compounds. Recently, we discovered a non-water-soluble quaternary ammonium compound, commonly used as a corrosion inhibitor, is able to prevent the salt deposits effectively. Laboratory testing results indicated that the inhibition performance of this quaternary ammonium was similar to NTAA when the treatment dosage is less than 2000 ppm. Field observations also revealed this corrosion inhibitor demonstrated effective halite inhibition properties. Wells in high salinity areas treated with the quaternary ammonium did not require freshwater treatment to manage the halite scale issue, while wells in the same operating area that were treated with conventional corrosion inhibitors did require freshwater treatment.

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A New Prediction Tool For Sulfidation Corrosion In Crude Units

Product Number: 51321-16762-SG

Author: Kazuhiro Toba, Shinji Miyamoto, Satoshi Tokuoka

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

In recent years, unexpected failure caused by sulfidation corrosion have increased presumably because many refineries diversify the crude oils to process them. Crude oils contain corrosive species such as sulfides, nitrides, chlorides, organic acids and chemical additives. In these corrosive species, sulfides in the fluids cause sulfidation corrosion operating at temperature above approximately 260 °C1.

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A New System of Corrosion Flow Loops and Some Experimental Results

Product Number: 51320-14435-SG

Author: Zhu Jin-yang, Jin Ying, Wen Lei, Xue Yan-peng, Honda Hiroshi

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The control of multiphase flow corrosion in oil and gas industry is one of the biggest challenging tasks. Since the 1990s, several organizations have established and operated large-scale flow loops to simulate and reproduce the field service environment of oil and gas pipelines. Based on comparison and investigation of the above loops, a new and advanced system, including several four inches internal diameter loops for studying corrosion under multiphase flows, was successfully built by us. By using this system, multiphase flows with various combinations of gas, water, oil and sand can be realized at the highest temperature of 140 oC and the highest pressure of 10 Mpa. Moreover, some loops in this system can adjust pipeline at different angels from 0 to 90°, which allow horizontal/vertical/sloping conditions to be simulated in laboratory. Many advanced measuring and monitoring technologies, such as Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV), high speed video camera and LPR/ER probe, are employed for simultaneously recording flow events and corrosion rates. An inhouse plane three-electrode probe is employed for conducting in situ electrochemical measurements. Such technologies would allow deep researching of corrosion behaviors and mechanisms in multiphase flow environments. Moreover, a new software based on Fluent and the existing multiphase corrosion models was developed to realize the numerical simulation of multiphase flow in loop.

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A Novel Approach to Assessing Stray Current Interference without Potential Interruption

Product Number: 51324-20452-SG

Author: Parker B. Robbins

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

A novel approach is proposed to assess a procedure for testing whether a pipeline may be interfered with from DC stray current. With the rise in popularity of portable coupons in AC mitigation testing, the paper proposes a method to evaluate DC stray current with a portable or stationary coupon without requiring potential interruption on foreign structures. This may allow technicians to conduct additional testing on suspected interference spots without requiring the interruption of a foreign pipeline or structure. This paper outlines and proposes a procedure for determining the likelihood of DC stray current interference utilizing coupons. Additionally, the paper recommends and outlines a proposed study to assess the accuracy of the techniques in the proposed procedure. While DC current cannot typically be measured and quantified for a bare metal holiday on a pipeline, coupons allow for a controlled and measurable connection to a simulated pipeline holiday. The procedure may be utilized to distinguish when suppressed potentials are occurring on a pipeline as a result of DC stray current interference rather than from inadequate current provided by CP system, a foreign voltage gradient, shielding or electrical grounding, even when the source of current is unknown. The procedure may also be beneficial in situations with atypical interring-structures where the existence of the interfering structure is unknown or where the applied voltage of the interfering structure cannot be interrupted traditionally such as with the prevalence of DC current situations occurring from installed or newly repaired direct-buried communication utility cables with weak splices at unknown locations. The procedure may also be utilized as an initial step to determine first steps in a DC stray current interference situation.

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A Novel Approach To Simulate Realistic Concrete Microstructures Under Irradiation

Product Number: ED22-17280-SG

Author: Amani Cheniour, Yujie Li, Elena Tajuelo Rodriguez, Shane C. Henderson, Yann Le Pape, José David Arregui Mena, Thomas M. Rosseel

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The concrete biological shields (CBSs) of light water reactors are affected by neutron and gamma irradiation at high radiation doses, resulting in the degradation of the concrete’s material properties. Several studies in the literature focused on evaluating both the expansion of aggregate-forming minerals and the resulting loss of mechanical properties. Modeling efforts have been carried out to predict the
radiation-induced volumetric expansion (RIVE) and damage using different numerical methods such as the finite element method or fast-Fourier transform (FFT).

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A Novel Bench-Top Apparatus and Methodology to Evaluate the Impact of Drag Reducing Agents on Corrosion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Pipelines

Product Number: 51323-19400-SG

Author: Jose Vera, Ken Evans

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Drag Reducing Agents (DRA) usage in liquid petroleum pipelines has increased over the past few decades, as they improve the mechanical efficiency of flow systems, but their potential impact on different aspects affecting corrosion management has not been fully evaluated. For example: DRA may a) decrease mass transfer and velocity near-wall, reducing flow induced localized corrosion or erosion-corrosion; b) introduce changes in the oil/water interface, affecting water-in-oil stratification and water-oil phase inversion point; c) affect the function of corrosion inhibitors by adsorbing to surfaces or direct chemical interaction.

The potential effect on water accumulation was not included in the model developed for the Pipeline Research Council International, Inc (PRCI) or in other models that are typically used6 for the indirect inspection step of the Liquid Petroleum Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment methodology (LP-ICDA).

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A Novel Corrosion Rate Monitoring Method For Steel In Soil Based On Tafel Extrapolation Method

Product Number: 51321-16967-SG

Author: Satoru Yamamoto; Masaru Abe; Kenkichi Tashiro

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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A Novel Digital twin Approach for Non-Intrusive Tank Bottom Corrosion Assessment

Product Number: 51323-18773-SG

Author: Christophe Baete, Bart Van den Bossche, Chihab Abarkane, Sergio Peña, Alejandra Albes

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Assessing the corrosion degradation of aboveground tank bottom plates is a critical challenge for the industry. Internal inspections are a useful way of assessing the integrity of assets but might severely impact normal plant operation. In 2006, Chang et al. conducted a study on storage tank accidents and concluded that 74% of reported accidents occurred in petrochemical refineries, and 85% of them had caused fire and explosions.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance