AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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Performance Test Results of New Artificial Non-Metallic Abrasive

Product Number: MPWT19-14265

Author: Sangki Chi, Ebad ul Haque, Shaj K. Manjalivalapil

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Abrasive material forms a major component for surface preparation in coating applications. Since blastin
g method developed in 1890s, abrasive materials and its application methods also significantly improve
d to enhance blasting efficiency. In general, steel grit and shot ball are being used predominantly as me
tallic abrasives. Garnet and coal slag are used as non-metallic abrasives. Each abrasive is selected and
applied in accordance with the work location and substrate material of structures to be coated. In this st
udy, we have evaluated a new artificial non-metallic abrasive (ferrochrome slag) which is a by-product fr
om ferrochrome production process for stainless steel. This evaluation also included the checking of sur
face cleanliness performance and coating quality based on international test methods and field trials. Fo
r verifying the cleanliness quality, various tests were conducted as per international standards (ISO 850
1-8503). Sea water immersion test (ISO 2812-2) and cyclic test (ISO 12944-9) were carried out to check
coating performance after blasting. The field test results indicates that all inspection and quality criteria o
f surface preparation were met as per international standards. Furthermore, coating performance test re
sults also showed this abrasive does not have any adverse effect on coating properties.

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Performing Coating And Corrosion Assessments To Maintain Military Fuel Piping

Product Number: 51322-18027-SG

Author: Adam Beers

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In any military base, there are numerous assets that need to be maintained. These assets can easily be traced from the fuel offload all the way through to the fuel dispenser. In between, this fuel travels through pipelines, into storage tanks, into pump stations, through filter separators, into fuel dispensers, and finally into either a track or non-track vehicle including jets. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop a system to inventory all assets and perform condition assessments on each to prevent degradation, corrosion, possible section loss of the metallic substrate, and loss of the liquid fuel. This paper will highlight some of the assets related to the fuels pipeline and related assets.

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Performing Corrosion Risks Assessments of Nuclear Waste Process Tanks Containing Variable Waste Chemistries

Product Number: 51323-18878-SG

Author: J.S. Page, S.T. Campbell, C.L. Girardot, J.R. Gunter

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The Hanford Site stores over 50 million gallons (190 million liters) of legacy nuclear process waste that was generated from plutonium separations and waste management processes. This waste, in the form of supernatant liquids, saltcakes, and sludges is contained in large underground storage tanks, up to a million gallons (3.78 million liters) in capacity and lined with carbon steel. The waste was made highly alkaline to ensure passivation of the carbon steel, but it also contains nitrate, in high concentrations, along with fluoride and chloride that poses risks for stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion.

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Permanent Underwater Wet Weld Repairs

Product Number: MPWT19-15406

Author: Uwe Aschemeier, Marcur Cridland, Mushtaq Shaik, PhD

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Subsea Global Solutions (SGS) it a worldwide provider for underwater ship repair and maintenance.
During a 2.5 year long extensive joint research and development program with DNV GL it was proven
that underwater wet welds meeting the class A requirements of AWS D3.6-Underwater Welding Code
can be produced. AWS D3.6 Class A welds are comparable to out of the water welded joints. Today,
SGS has approval from DNV GL and from ABS to perform permanent underwater wet weld repairs on
vessels and offshore installations.
This paper will discuss two applications of permanent underwater wet weld repairs performed on a
cruise ship and on a Floating Production Storage Offloading (FPSO) vessel. The paper is co-authored
by ABS, who will provide class opinion on underwater wet welds

Phase Field Modeling Of Oxide Growth In An Aged Fe-Cr

Product Number: ED22-17141-SG

Author: Yongfeng Zhang, Líney Árnadóttir, Julie Tucker, Burkan Isgor, Kofi Oware Sarfo, Larry Aagesen

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are widely used as structural alloys in marine and energy industries because of their excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In light water reactor (LWR) power plants, these alloys find their applications in piping and internal structural components. With a currently designed lifetime of 40 years, these DSS components show little degradation in their mechanical properties. However, most current and future nuclear power plants are expected to operate beyond 60 years. This prolonged service period challenges the integrity of materials and components in the reactor. DSS component lifetime in the reactor is subjected to elevated temperatures, internal pressures, and corrosive environments.

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PHMSA Gas Pipeline Mega Rule

Product Number: 51324-20895-SG

Author: Sasan M Hosein

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (“PHMSA”) recently released the final rule known as the “Mega Rule” which includes a set of regulations designed to improve pipeline safety by reducing the frequency of pipeline failures. The intent of the rule is to address lessons learned following the Pacific Gas and Electric Company rupture and release in San Bruno, California, in September 2010. On September 9, 2010, a natural gas pipeline owned by Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) exploded in San Bruno, CA. creating a fire that killed eight people, destroyed more than 100 homes and cost $2.8 billion. An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that PG&E had a faulty integrity management (IM) system that failed to detect a defective section of the pipeline resulting in the devastating explosion. The PG&E incident spurred action from the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) to revise the existing Federal Pipeline Safety Regulations (FPSR) to improve the safety of onshore gas transmission pipelines. These revisions are known as the Mega Rule. This final rule responds to the incident by extending existing design, operational and maintenance, and reporting requirements under the Federal Pipeline Safety Regulations to onshore natural gas transmission pipelines and gathering pipelines in rural areas. The Mega Rule is a sweeping set of regulations comprised of three parts: • Part 1 focuses on the safety of gas transmission pipelines. • Part 2 introduces new guidelines about IM, updated requirements for high consequence areas (HCAs) and expectations for operators following extreme weather events and natural disasters. • Part 3 expands certain safety requirements to all onshore gas gathering pipelines.

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Ph-Responsive Copolymers As Silica Scale Inhibitors

Product Number: 51322-17703-SG

Author: Georgia Skordalou, Konstantinos D. Demadis

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Silicon is an important element of our Planet’s crust, which is transferred into water streams through dissolution.1 Hence, it is usually found as water-soluble silicate or colloidal silica in natural surface waters (sea, rivers, lakes), or underground waters. When such water is used for industrial purposes (eg. industrial cooling), silicate can enter the operating system and can pose a threat to its proper operation. The main reason is the solubility of amorphous silica, a product of the silicate polycondensation process.

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Physico-Chemical Characterization of Corrosion Scales in Braking Systems

Product Number: 51320-14687-SG

Author: Marco Bandiera, Andrea Bonfanti, Andrea Mauri, Alessandro Mancini, Massimiliano Bestetti, Federico Bertasi

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

In this work selected corrosion phenomena occurring in disc brake systems are reviewed. For the first time, a galvanic series, summarizing the electrochemical performance of several brake system components, is presented and case studies are discussed as well. The case studies focus on corrosion issues which are related with the three major components of a car disc brake system, namely the: a) Aluminum caliper; b) brake pads and associated friction materials; and c) cast iron disc. It is shown that: a) the parameters for the anodization of Aluminum calipers should be carefully tuned on the basis of the specific Al alloy, in order to obtain an anodic layer capable to withstand the galvanic coupling existing between the caliper and nobler components; b) friction materials composition must be optimized in order to avoid shear adhesion phenomena between brake pad and disc due to the growth of corrosion products at the interface between the two; and c) it is possible to mitigate the corrosion of cast iron brake discs by modulating the carbon morphology, alloy elements concentration and microstructure. The manuscript demonstrates that electrochemical techniques are of fundamental importance in order to pursue a corrosion-resistance-oriented design of future braking systems for automotive applications.

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Physicochemical Description of Refinery High Temperature Naphthenic Acid Corrosion

Product Number: 51324-20988-SG

Author: Ishan Patel; David Young; Gheorghe Bota

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Refinery high temperature naphthenic acid corrosion is known to generate oil soluble iron naphthenates and solid iron oxide as corrosion products. Associated chemical reactions have been written for a long time but are barely sufficient to resolve the comprehensive mechanism necessary to model their kinetics. A mechanism for naphthenic acid corrosion is proposed to be proceeding via formation of active intermediate by adopting the Lindemann-Hinshelwood approach. The rate law for the calculation of pure naphthenic acid corrosion rate was derived using a pseudo steady state hypothesis which could simulate laboratory corrosion data reported in the literature. The rate equation was also validated by experimental corrosion tests conducted in a high temperature flow-through reactors for carbon steel using a model oil solution of petroleum derived acids by manipulating solution concentration and temperature. Also, the formation of the solid iron oxide is proposed to be a result of the decay of active intermediate as an alternative mechanism in contrast with the currently accepted thermal decomposition pathway.

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Pilot-Scale Demonstration of In-Situ Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Inside an Operating High-Pressure Natural Gas Pipeline

Product Number: 51323-19356-SG

Author: Nathan Diemler, Nageswara Lalam, Jeffrey Culp, Ruishu F. Wright

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Internal corrosion is a serious concern for the oil and natural gas pipeline industry, and it can negatively impact the integrity of infrastructure necessary for production, transportation, and storage of these volatile energy media. The natural gas delivery system in the U.S. includes 528,000 km (328,000 miles) of transmission and gathering pipelines. Over the past 30 years, corrosion has caused ~25% of incidents in natural gas transmission and gathering pipelines, and 61% of these incidents related to corrosion were caused by internal corrosion.

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Pipeline Corrosion Management against Dynamic Production towards the Extended Life

Product Number: 51324-20670-SG

Author: Farih Mitraningsih; Aji Samiaji; Rudi Rinaldi; Muhammad Riduan Adhael

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

A comprehensive corrosion assessment has been done to ensure the integrity of 24 inch outside diameter (OD) and 70 km length of transmission pipeline against production figure changes during and beyond of the initial design life. By design, the pipeline was intended to transport the wet gas for 20years design life with medium level of top of line and bottom of line corrosion likelihood. During operation, the pipeline was operated to sustain gas rate more than the designed capacity. Which commonly known as de-bottlenecking. In consequence, the corrosion likelihood increased as obtained from the inspection result. When the initial design life is almost over, the new reserves combining oil and wet gas is found thus the life extension assessment shall be accommodated. This paper summarizes the engineering study methodology and the results, thus the pipeline integrity able to synchronize the fit for purpose and production operation excellence.

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Pipeline Integrity - Onshore Pipelines vs Offshore Pipelines

Product Number: 51324-20784-SG

Author: Helene Sirnes; Pernille Nordmoen Kildahl

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Transport Net is a high-level competence center for Pipeline Operation and Integrity in Equinor. An extensive network of pipelines is installed in the North Sea and approximately 10 000 km of pipelines are continuously monitored. This includes integrity evaluations, as well as repair and maintenance activities and are performed on behalf of several internal operational departments and licenses, in addition to an external operator. The transported fluids are multiphase, dense gas, sales gas, condensate, oil, chemicals, and CO2. The pipeline portfolio consists of rigid pipelines in mainly carbon steel grades X65 and X70, with some exceptions for newer pipelines being cladded or lined with Inconel. This paper will discuss our Risk Based Inspection (RBI) philosophy, internal and external inspection intervals, how pipeline barrier management is applied in operation, and the requirements and tools used to ensure pipeline integrity with no loss of containment. A case showing differences and similarities between onshore pipelines and offshore pipelines will be used.

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance