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New Insights On Groove Criticality Formed Onto Carbon Steel After Sulfide Stress Cracking Test

Product Number: 51322-17871-SG

Author: Christophe Mendibide, Flavien Vucko

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance of carbon steels and other alloys is commonly addressed through testing according to NACE TM01771 or NACE TM03162. The Method A of the first standard is focused on tests using uniaxial tensile (UT) while the second standard considers 4-point bend (4PB) type of loads. A common way of qualifying a material according to these standards is the absence of failure of the specimens or SSC crack initiation at the surface of the material after a test duration of 720 hours (1 month). After testing, cross-sectional observations of non-broken specimens often reveal so-called “grooves” that can be significantly different in shape and depth depending on the test method, steel grade or environment considered.

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New Long Service Life Topcoats For Pad-Mounted Transformer Enclosures.

Product Number: 51322-18088-SG

Author: Kurt Wood, Anna Johnson, Bruce Sylvester

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Typical service lifetimes for protective coating systems range from 10-50 years, depending on how extreme the service environment is, as well as on all the details of substrate preparation, coating composition, and coating application.⁴ While the primary consideration for specifiers of protective coating systems is the service life related to corrosion protection, there is often also a requirement of durability of decorative properties, e.g. color and gloss. This is true not only for monumental steel structures, but also for instance for industrial and offshore structures where “safety colors” are used. This segment therefore has many similarities to the “architectural coatings” segment (coatings for monumental buildings), where the substrates may be different, but where a multi-layer system approach is still used, and owners expect the durability of both the protective and decorative functions.

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New Super-Austenitic Grade Alloy 35Mo (UNS N08935) with Excellent Corrosion Properties for Refinery and Petrochemical Industry

Product Number: MECC23-20125-SG

Author: Johan Salwén; Barinder Ghai

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The super-austenitic grade Alloy 35Mo has recently been developed and already been installed in shell-and- tube heat exchangers globally. The grade has shown excellent results in different laboratory tests. However, the grade must also be tested in industrial environments, which will take some time until results can been obtained.

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New Thermal Management Raw Materials Platform Gives Flexibility to Develop Next Generation Thermal Insulation Coatings (TIC) with Improved Performance

Product Number: 51324-20913-SG

Author: Gary Fisher

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Coating industry trends has driven increased use and interest to develop more efficient and durable thermal insulative coatings. The key areas for this expansion are to reduce corrosion under insulation, increase occupational safety and reduce energy loss. Key features of these water-based coatings are low thermal conductivity, high hydrophobicity and adhesion along with an emerging interest to have greater heat resistance and stability. This paper will introduce a new water-based silicone hybrid resin to accompany the two novel microporous composite granules; one with high thermal insulative efficiency and the other, a pure hydrophobic synthetic silica pearl shaped filler to optimize thermal insulation efficiency as well as offering mechanical stability and reduced cracking in these highly filled coatings. The new platform offers the formulator options to leverage all new technologies together or separately when a compatible binder is needed to increase thermal heat stability and flame-retardant performance. Coatings and formulating details will be highlighted with thermal degradation of binders, surface temperature comparison for “Safe Touch” coatings, thermal conductivity (Lambda - mW/mK), contact angle measurements along with fire retardance test and direct flame testing using various thermal insulation fillers.

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New Ultra-Durable Anti-Corrosion Coating System For Steel Infrastructure in Extreme Environments

Product Number: 51323-19357-SG

Author: Dr. Wei Wang, Anna Sanchez-Fischer, Todd Hawkins

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Corrosion’s destructive effects on critical steel infrastructure have costly economic and security
implications for the United States. According to a NACE International report from 2001, the annual
corrosion costs in the United States industrial sector were $47.9 billion per year, with the largest portion
stemming from the maintenance of critical utilities such as gas, water, electric, and telecommunications. Catastrophic failure due to corrosion jeopardizes the resilience of critical utilities, risking the interruption of service to millions and creates weak-points the nation’s homeland security.

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Next Step To Advanced Data Analysis With Pulsed Eddy Currents

Product Number: 51322-17568-SG

Author: Donald Picard, Olivier Bellavance, Gabriel Cyr, Andréanne Potvin

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Pulsed Eddy Current (PEC) technology is a widely accepted inspection method now covered by several industry standards such as ISO⁽¹⁾ 20669, API⁽²⁾ RP 583, and the new ASME⁽³⁾ Section V (BPVC for Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code), article 21. PEC is a versatile inspection technology which provides an average remaining wall thickness through insulation and coatings. The technique can also be used to safely assess the minimum remaining ligament under corrosion scabs or blisters without surface preparation. PEC is resilient to liftoff variations and provides volumetric measurements of remaining material. It is capable of both detecting and assessing general corrosion on the outer surface of the pipes such as scabs and blisters, and detecting erosion or Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) on the inner surface.

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Nickel Based Alloy Casting Failure In Potash Production Mill

Product Number: 51322-17528-SG

Author: Bernard Peterson, Alireza Kohandehghan, Brian Wilson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Potash is mined from deep underground deposits left by ancient inland seas or extracted from saltwater bodies. The typical composition of potash is 40% potassium chloride (KCl), 55% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 5% clay. About 95% of potash is used for fertilizer in agriculture; the remaining 5% is used in commercial and industrial products such as soap, water softeners, de-icers, drilling muds etc.

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Nitrite-Based Oxidative Chemical Treatments for Polythionic Acid SCC Mitigation

Product Number: 51324-21145-SG

Author: Nathaniel Sutton; Sean Sears

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Reactive metal sulfides introduce safety and reliability risks to hydroprocessing (and other) refinery units during outages. Self-heating or pyrophoric catalysts are a concern, as is stress corrosion cracking of sensitized stainless-steel equipment open to air. A nitrite-based aqueous treatment has been developed and deployed in the field, which addresses both catalyst pyrophoricity and polythionic acid (PTA) SCC of equipment. This paper will present case studies where refineries have relied solely upon the nitrite-based oxidizing solution for PTASCC mitigation. Prior published laboratory testing of the nitrite-based oxidizing treatment used spray-applied iron sulfide (FeS) powder and moist air to produce a PTA environment. One limitation of that approach was that the porous nature of the surface does not adequately simulate a “real” FeS layer formed during years of exposure to high temperature sulfidizing processes. This paper presents additional test results on actively loaded bend specimens of ex-service 347H heater tube extracted from an operating diesel hydrotreater unit.

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Non Producing Environments Leading to Downhole CRA Completion Failures

Product Number: 51324-20620-SG

Author: B. J. C. Thomas; M. Al Kindi; A.S. Braiki

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Materials selection for any oil and gas equipment, but specifically in wells, tend to focus on the nature and characteristic of the producing environments, or injected fluids if dealing with an injector well. They benefit from greater appreciation on the uncertainty range, in terms of volumes, pressure, temperature and concentration of corrodents since it forms the basis of the business case to drill a new well. There is no robust industry-wide materials selection standards, besides that of the sour limitation of ISO 15156, and Operators are therefore relying on their internal standards, if available, or recommendations from equipment manufacturers or suppliers to select the most appropriate OCTG for that given “worst case” environment. This paper describes several wells completion failures that are attributed to temporary internal or external exposures, at times in wells that were not even cleaned up from the initial completion brine. The events that led to extensive internal corrosion of N08535 tubing and cracking of 13Cr-110 ksi (13-5-2 grades per ISO 13680) are described with the aim to bring higher awareness to the Operators that due diligence of materials selection should not be limited to the primary fluids that are to be transported.

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Non-Arrhenius Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Behavior Of 304 Stainless Steel In Deaerated Water

Product Number: ED22-17245-SG

Author: Tyler Moss, Justin Hesterberg, Dave Morton, Denise Paraventi

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The Naval Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) has performed evaluations of SCC in 304/304L stainless steel since 2005 with the goal of developing an empirical equation. Testing has focused on the effects of temperature, stress intensity factor, material cold work, orientation, and sulfur content on SCC in hydrogenated water. Non-Arrhenius growth, termed herein as high temperature retardation (HTR), was observed in several studies where the SCC growth rate was found to slow at elevated temperature at low cold work levels in 316 and 304/304L stainless steel.

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Non-metallic Applications in Oil & Gas Industry

Product Number: MPWT19-14383

Author: Mohamed Al Ghosain, Ali Azman Faheem, Ullah Mohamed, Zohair Zaki

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Corrosion, either internal or external, along with other types of defects on pipelines eventually lead to leaks without proper treatment. This gives rise to several issues, including environmental and safety hazards, and in case of pipe leaks in a plant, a loss of the efficiency of the process or, ultimately, failure of the process. Replacing the corroded pipelines (piping) can be difficult, costly and time consuming especially for plant. A required shutdown causes major economic loss. Thus, instead of a replacement of the defected pipelines, the installation of online repair is a better option.
Repairs of pipelines include metallic and non-metallic repairs. Metallic repairs generally require welding or hot works which is not suitable for online repair of pipes containing hydrocarbons. In such cases the use of non-metallic composite repairs is the optimum solution. A non-metallic composite repair system is a system used to reinforce structures using a fiber equipped with a thermoset epoxy system. The epoxy system consists of a hardener and a resin which, after mixing, become solid through a polymerization reaction after a short duration of time, a process that is called curing. Depending on the temperature, the duration of time changes in an inverse relation. The higher the temperature, the smaller the duration of time needed for curing. This system can be used to reinforce pipelines with both external and internal corrosion and it can be used on Straight Pipes, Tees, Elbows, Flanges and weld joints. The repair system can also be installed online without the need for a shutdown in a short amount of time and a small requirement of labor intensity, making it cost effective. It is also environmentally friendly. In this paper we are going to present cases that were resolved by our company that demonstrate how successful these non-metallic composite repairs are and how diverse their applications can be

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Non-Metallic Materials for Design and Construction of Mineral Extraction Equipment

Product Number: 51323-19455-SG

Author: K. Lambrych, L.J. Bennett

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Rare earth elements (REE) and lithium are metals that are considered critical materials due to their use in electronics, magnets, batteries, and a wide variety of industrial processes important for the economy and military preparedness. Today, these metals are commonly harvested as metal oxide, halide or hydroxide minerals. Fiber reinforced p with even greater design temperatures lastic (FRP) has been used with great success for more than 50 years to build corrosion resistant mineral processing equipment.

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Association for Materials Protection and Performance