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Methods used to destructively determine the actual crack depths in the Pipeline Research Council International project as well as the statistical comparison of those values to the NDE measurements. We also briefly introduce advanced fracture mechanics analysis techniques that can be used to assess the safety significance of crack-like pipeline anomalies.
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) continue to be significant challenges to the pipeline industry. The initial challenge is identifying “where” along a pipeline the damage may exist through inline inspection (ILI) or direct assessment (DA) methods. However, additional challenges must be overcome to realistically assess the significance of the damage to safe pipeline operation. These include characterizing the true extent of the SCC or HIC, estimating future crack behavior and predicting failure pressures.This paper presents the methods used to destructively determine the actual crack depths in the PRCI(1) project as well as the statistical comparison of those values to the NDE measurements. We also briefly introduce advanced fracture mechanics analysis techniques that can be used to assess the safety significance of crack-like pipeline anomalies.Key words: downloadable, SCC, metallography, crack measurement, NDE, T-test, fracture mechanics, Phased Array UT, TOFD, Full Matrix Capture
Recycled water quality must be evaluated to determine its potential impact on the equipment the cooling water contacts. This paper identifies the impact of various recycled water ingredients that could either be harmful or beneficial to the equipment the cooling water contacts. Case histories. Guidelines.
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Electrochemical behavior of API X-80 steel materials in 3.5% wt. of NaCl solution containing different concentrations of H2S at different temperatures was studied. Potendiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the corroded API X-80 steel surface.
This study presents an overview of a number of factors influencing the pitting corrosion of Ti in aggressive environments. Effects of temperature and metal cations on pitting corrosion of Ti.