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EIS is one of the techniques which is frequently used for studying electrochemical reactions on a metal surface in an aqueous environment. However, one of the main challenges in using EIS is the interpretation of results. Various interpretation methods and their associated uncertainties lead to ambiguous outcomes and often end up with a biased analysis One of the methods frequently used is the so-called “equivalent electrical circuit” method which models the response of and electrochemical system by matching it to that of a combination of “analogous” electrical circuit components, such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, etc.
Studying the mechanism of electrochemical reactions benefits from implementation of steady state and transient techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). To develop an understanding of experimental results and how they relate to corrosion mechanisms requires their comparison with a mechanistic model. In this study, a physico-chemical model was used to simulate both the steady state potentiodynamic sweep, and the EIS response of cathodic reduction of H+ in an acidic environment. The modeled steady state potentiodynamic sweep, Nyquist plot and Bode plot were validated by comparison with experimental data.
Managing aging reinforced concrete infrastructure is a complex and capital-intensive task, particularly in harsh marine and coastal environments. Corrosion from saltwater, coupled with wet and dry cycles, are particularly problematic for long-term durability of reinforced concrete. The Gulf Coast presents a challenge for maintaining service life of concrete structures that are exposed to high levels of chlorides, either by direct contact with salty or brackish water or by indirect contact with salt spray. Chlorides induce corrosion of the steel reinforcement which initiates cracking and spalling of the concrete, reducing the service life of the structure.
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Safe and stable operation of the process plant through its life cycle is an ultimate target of any integrity management system. Over the last decades, a number of possible ways and systems for managing plant integrity were described and implemented.1-4 A common path for all those efforts was to control and manage corrosion processes in a more-or-less systematic way by applying certain measures (monitoring techniques, material selection guidelines, operating procedures etc.) and performance indicators (remaining time-to-failure, inhibitor usage etc.). An effective corrosion and integrity management system, in theory, should be capable to “uncover” excessive corrosion incidents before serious damage occurs. Unfortunately, unexpected corrosion-related failures are still occurring in the petroleum industry.5 This situation stems predominantly from relatively poor data organization and management, leaving corrosion and key process information spread and hidden across different refinery functions and systems.
Copper alloys such as copper nickel (CuNi) and Admiralty Brass (CuZn) are often successful material selections for seawater coolers. The copper alloys successes in these highly corrosive environments can be attributes to the ability of copper to form a protective scale, thus stopping corrosion of the material. On copper alloys in seawater, the protective scale formed comprises a mix of cuprous oxide (Cu2O), copper oxide (CuO) and copper hydroxy chlorides.