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An economic evaluation of a project plays a significant role in determining its feasibility. Corrosion is intrinsic to the operation of metallic assets, and the costs dedicated to its prevention and/or its consequences are unavoidable. Different corrosion strategies could be developed to address the project's needs while complying with relevant codes and standards. These various corrosion control strategies are characterized by inherently different capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX). Careful analysis of the cost projections for each of the considered corrosion mitigation strategies is needed for project optimization and improvement of return on investment.
Corrosion-related challenges are usually addressed during the detailed engineering phase to meet the specified service life of the asset, but a comprehensive strategy to lower corrosion costs is rarely implemented. A life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis is often used to optimize the design and consider direct and indirect costs. The approach allows to quantify the capital and operating costs and costs associated with the failure of assets and potential implications associated with safety and environmental damage. The present paper explores the cost of corrosion in the mining industry and attempts to identify pathways for design optimization. The current work examines the corrosion costs associated with the lithium processing industry using an LCC analysis. The direct cost of corrosion was determined by quantifying the cost of all corrosion-related activities and design, and the indirect cost of corrosion was estimated through industry-accepted models. The effectiveness of corrosion mitigation strategies was evaluated by examining the sum of present value of money. Net present value of money over the design life of the investment and/or the shortest payback period, and/or the highest return on investment (ROI) were briefly discussed as the alternative approaches for identifying the most economic corrosion control system.
As onshore pipeline rights-of-way become more congested and urban sprawl increases, the number of horizontal directional drills (HDDs) will likely increase. HDD is a trenchless pipeline installation method that requires drilling a larger pilot hole where the mainline pipe can be subsequently pulled through the drilled hole. However, HDDs have an increased probability for coating damage, even when coated with traditional mill or field applied abrasion resistant overcoat (ARO). This coating damage includes abrasion, impact, gouging, denting, tearing, bending, etc. and that damage may exist for the life of the pipeline due to an HDD being inaccessible for future maintenance.
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Managing aging reinforced concrete infrastructure is a complex and capital-intensive task, particularly in harsh marine and coastal environments. Corrosion from saltwater, coupled with wet and dry cycles, are particularly problematic for long-term durability of reinforced concrete. The Gulf Coast presents a challenge for maintaining service life of concrete structures that are exposed to high levels of chlorides, either by direct contact with salty or brackish water or by indirect contact with salt spray. Chlorides induce corrosion of the steel reinforcement which initiates cracking and spalling of the concrete, reducing the service life of the structure.
The bulk of a pipeline coating is shop applied and those processes are typically automated. Becausethe automation of pipeline coating has so many controls, there is little need to address the inspection on the body of the mainline coatings. As such, this paper will address inspection of pipeline specific coating types and their unique considerations in a field environment. It will address concerns around tie-ing into other coating types and compatibility.