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Austenitic and ferritic-martensitic steel were irradiated with protons while exposed to simulated PWR primary water for 4-72 hr in 320°C water with 3 wppm hydrogen while irradiated at surface dose rates from 400-4000 kGy/s (4x10-7 to 7x10-6 dpa/s).
316L stainless steel T91 and Zircaloy-4 were irradiated with a proton beam while simultaneously exposed to simulated PWR primary water. Samples were exposed for 4-72 hr in 320°C water with 3 wppm hydrogen while simultaneously irradiated at surface dose rates from 400-4000 kGy/s (7E-7 to 7E-6 dpa/s). After exposure samples were characterized with TEM EDS and Raman spectroscopy to determine the effects of radiation on the growth and stability of the oxide films.Radiolysis was found to alter the oxide morphology and composition of F-M and stainless steel while having no discernable effect on Zircaloy corrosion. Direct irradiation however caused a large increase in oxide thickness in Zircaloy. Oxide films on stainless steel were found to be deficient in protective oxides suggesting a loss of passivity. This paper reports new insights into the effects of radiolysis and radiation damage on corrosion behavior of several materials used in light water reactor cores.
Elaborates on some reported findings and identifies possible mechanisms and risks for further growth of defects in the reactor pressure vessel walls in the Belgian nuclear power reactors Doel 3 and Tihange 2 – which were restarted in 2015 after inspection found “thousands” of “hydrogen flaws”.
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This paper describes lack-of-fusion-like flaws, which can be formed at weld toes, particularly in pipe butt welds in duplex grades of stainless steel. Some adverse microstructural and geometrical effects associated with those flaws are characterized on actual joints.
Seawater desalination with waste heat from nuclear or fossil power plants is an attractive alternative for the production of potable water.1 Multi-effect desalination process (MED) relies on the evaporation of water from a thin film of seawater.2 The heat of condensation is used in the evaporation of water from a subsequent film of seawater.